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目的了解房山区小学生的营养状况和特点,为制定相应的干预策略和措施提供依据。方法收集该区3所小学13473名学生1998~2004年的健康检查卡,对其中有关的营养状况资料采用身高标准体重法进行分析,并评价小学生的营养不良与低体重和肥胖发生情况。结果男生营养不良与低体重检出率1998~2004年间变化不大,在2002年有一个小峰值后下降并趋于平稳。女生在1998~2002年变化不大,以后上升明显,到2003年到达峰值后又呈下降趋势。学生1998年营养不良与低体重检出率为2.42%,2004年营养不良与低体重检出率为7.84%,有显著性差异(χ2=299.736,P<0.01);1998~2004年间男女生间营养不良与低体重检出率比较,有显著性差异(χ2=151.837,P<0.01),女生高于男生。学生肥胖检出率在2001年以前变化不大,2001年以后上升明显,1998年肥胖检出率为5.83%,2004年为19.41%,有显著性差异(χ2=608.935,P<0.01);1998~2004年间男女生间肥胖检出率比较有显著性差异(χ2=44.361,P<0.01),男生高于女生。结论房山区小学女生的营养不良与低体重和男生的肥胖发生率较高,应成为预防控制重点。
Objective To understand the nutritional status and characteristics of pupils in Fangshan District and provide the basis for formulating the corresponding intervention strategies and measures. Methods The health check-up cards of 13,473 students from 3 primary schools in the district from 1998 to 2004 were collected. The relevant nutritional status data were analyzed by height-standard weight method, and malnutrition, low-weight and obesity were evaluated in primary school students. Results The prevalence of malnutrition and low birth weight among boys varied little from 1998 to 2004, and then decreased after a small peak in 2002 and stabilized. The girls did not change much from 1998 to 2002, and then rose obviously. After reaching the peak in 2003, they dropped again. The prevalence of malnutrition and low birth weight among students in 1998 was 2.42%. The prevalence of malnutrition and low birth weight was 7.84% in 2004 (χ2 = 299.736, P <0.01). Between 1998 and 2004, Malnutrition and low weight detection rate, there was a significant difference (χ2 = 151.837, P <0.01), girls than boys. The prevalence of obesity in students did not change much until 2001, and increased significantly after 2001. The detection rate of obesity was 5.83% in 1998 and 19.41% in 2004, with significant difference (χ2 = 608.935, P <0.01). Between 2004 and 2004, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of obesity among boys and girls (χ2 = 44.361, P <0.01), and boys were higher than girls. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition, low body weight and male obesity in primary school girls in Fangshan District should be the focus of prevention and control.