Over the past decades,mathematics instruction hasundergone a“reform”movement that emphasizes criticalthinking,communication,and collaborative learning overrote memorization or application of formulas,procedures,and basic skills.Analogously,a new set of teachingmethods focusing on these goals has been labeled“effective mathematics instruction.”We should view Over the past decades,mathematics instruction hasundergone a“reform”movement that emphasizes criticalthinking,communication,and collaborative learning overrote memorization or application of formulas,procedures,and basic skills.Analogously,a new set of teaching methods focus on these goals has been labeled“ Effective mathematics instruction.”We should view