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钻机绞车刹车时,刹块与刹车鼓工作表面强烈摩擦,使温度急剧升高,随后又迅速冷却下来。这样反复急热急冷,使刹车鼓表面产生裂纹,并逐渐发展以致断裂。本文从分析刹车鼓的服役条件出发,介绍了刹车鼓失效的外部现象,并对断裂刹车鼓进行了电镜断口分析和金相分析,研究和讨论了失效的过程和规律。在分析试验的基础上,作者认为石油钻机刹车鼓是典型的热疲劳破坏;导致刹车鼓早期失效的主要因素是材料的热疲劳抗力不够,其外在因素是仿苏刹车鼓结构设计不合理。本文还提出了延长刹车鼓寿命的措施。
Drilling rig winch brake, brakes and brake drum work surface strong friction, so that the temperature rose sharply, then quickly cooled down. This repeated rapid hot and cold, so that the surface of the brake drum cracks, and gradually developed so that fracture. Based on the analysis of service conditions of brake drum, this paper introduced the external phenomenon of brake drum failure, and analyzed the fracture analysis and metallographic analysis of broken brake drum. The failure process and rule were studied and discussed. Based on the analysis of experiments, the author thinks that the brake drum of oil drilling rig is a typical thermal fatigue failure. The main factor leading to the early failure of brake drum is the insufficient thermal fatigue resistance of the material. The external factor is the irrational design of the brake drum. This paper also proposed measures to extend the life of brake drums.