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目的了解广州市学龄儿童食物过敏的流行病学概况,分析影响儿童食物过敏的相关影响因素。方法对广州市约7~12岁的5880名学龄儿童进行初筛问卷调查。选取189例有食物过敏症状和医生曾诊断食物过敏的儿童为病例组,213例性别与年龄相匹配的无食物过敏症状的健康儿童作为对照组,进行食物过敏原皮肤点刺试验(SPT)、血清特异性IgE(sIgE)和嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)测定及标准化问卷调查,分析主要食物过敏原种类、患病率及相关影响因素。结果同时符合有食物过敏症状、医生曾诊断食物过敏、并且食物过敏原SPT和sIgE阳性的食物过敏患病率为0.31%。SPT分析病例组主要食物过敏原为蟹、虾,比例明显高于对照组(6.88%vs.1.41%,P<0.05;4.23%vs.0.94%,P<0.05)。sIgE检测主要过敏原也为蟹、虾(8.06%vs.0.96%,P<0.05;12.90%vs.2.40%,P<0.05)。有过敏性疾病史与家族史、2岁前曾有严重呼吸道感染及抗生素使用史、接触厨房油烟环境、父母亲较高文化层次、2岁前接触农场环境、母亲曾从事耕种制造或分派食品工作是食物过敏相关的影响因素。结论广州市学龄儿童经食物过敏原SPT和sIgE验证的食物过敏患病率为0.31%,主要的食物过敏原是虾、蟹,其发生受环境、遗传等多种因素影响。
Objective To understand the epidemiology of food allergy in school-age children in Guangzhou and to analyze the related influencing factors of children’s food allergy. Methods A total of 5,880 school-age children aged 7 ~ 12 in Guangzhou were surveyed. A total of 189 children with food allergy symptoms and physicians who had been diagnosed with food allergy were selected as the case group and 213 healthy children without food allergy as the control group. The allergen skin prick test (SPT) Serum specific IgE (sIgE) and eosinophil (EOS) were measured and standardized questionnaires were used to analyze the types of food allergens, prevalence and related factors. The results also met the food allergy symptoms, the doctor had diagnosed food allergies, and food allergens SPI and sIgE-positive food allergy prevalence was 0.31%. The main food allergens in the SPT analysis group were crab and shrimp, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (6.88% vs.1.41%, P <0.05; 4.23% vs.0.94%, P <0.05). The sIgE test for major allergens was also crab, shrimp (8.06% vs. 0.96%, P <0.05; 12.90% vs 2.40%, P <0.05). A history of allergic diseases and family history, before the age of 2 had a serious history of respiratory infections and antibiotics, exposure to the kitchen fumes environment, high cultural level of parents, 2 years before exposure to the farm environment, the mother had engaged in farming to create or assign food work Food allergy-related factors. Conclusions The prevalence of food allergy in school-age children in Guangzhou was 0.31% as confirmed by food allergens SPT and sIgE. The main food allergens were shrimp and crab, and their occurrence was affected by many factors, including environmental and genetic factors.