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目的观察盐酸小檗碱对高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 18只雄性SD大鼠随机分为普通饲料喂养组(正常对照组)、高脂饮食诱导NAFLD组(NAFLD组)和高脂饮食诱导NAFLD小檗碱干预组(小檗碱干预组),每组6只。采用16SrRNA序列分析法研究3组大鼠肠道菌群的变化;观察3组大鼠肝脏和回肠组织形态学改变。结果 3组大鼠的肠道菌群主要分布在拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门;与正常对照组比较,NAFLD组的厚壁菌门比例显著增高(P<0.05),拟杆菌门比例及有益菌乳酸菌属比例则显著降低(P<0.01);与NAFLD组比较,小檗碱干预组的厚壁菌门比例显著下降(P<0.01),拟杆菌门比例和有益菌乳酸菌属比例显著增高(P<0.01)。肝脏组织学检查发现:正常对照组大鼠肝脏细胞排列正常,未见脂肪滴和炎症细胞浸润;NAFLD组大鼠肝脏组织出现大量的脂肪变性,肝细胞排列较正常对照组紊乱;小檗碱干预组大鼠肝脏组织仍有脂肪变性,但脂肪变性程度较NAFLD组减轻。回肠组织学检查发现:正常对照组大鼠回肠绒毛排列整齐、紧凑,表面结构完整;NAFLD组大鼠回肠绒毛出现断裂、缺失,间隙增宽;小檗碱干预组大鼠回肠绒毛排列较为整齐,断裂、缺失较NAFLD组少。结论小檗碱可以改善高脂饮食所诱导的NAFLD,其机制可能与改变肠道菌群的结构及减轻高脂饮食导致的肠道黏膜损伤有关。
Objective To observe the effect of berberine hydrochloride on intestinal microflora in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high fat diet. Methods Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, NAFLD group (NAFLD group) and NAFLD group (berberine intervention group) Group of six. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis was used to study the changes of intestinal flora in the three groups. The morphological changes of liver and ileum in the three groups were observed. Results The intestinal flora of the three groups were mainly distributed in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Compared with the normal control group, the proportion of Fusarium gingivalis in the NAFLD group was significantly increased (P <0.05) (P <0.01). Compared with NAFLD group, the proportion of FBS in berberine-treated group was significantly decreased (P <0.01), the proportion of Bacteroidetes and the proportion of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus were significantly increased P <0.01). Liver histology examination showed that: the normal control group of rat liver cells arranged in normal, no lipid droplets and inflammatory cell infiltration; NAFLD group rats with a large number of liver steatosis, hepatocyte arrangement disorder than the normal control group; Berberine intervention Steatosis was still observed in the liver of rats in the group, but the degree of steatosis was lower than that in the NAFLD group. Ileum histological examination found: normal control rats ileum villi neatly arranged, compact, surface structure intact; NAFLD group rats ileum villus rupture, deletion, gap widened; Berberine intervention group ileum villi arranged more neatly, Broken, missing less than NAFLD group. Conclusion Berberine can improve the NAFLD induced by high-fat diet. The mechanism may be related to changing the structure of intestinal flora and alleviating intestinal mucosal damage caused by high-fat diet.