目的：总结西安地区2012年临床分离病原菌分布及耐药特征，为医药管理部门和临床抗菌药物合理应用提供病原菌耐药监测数据。方法2012年对西安市7所三甲医院临床分离的医院感染病原菌进行常规方法培养，并应用半自动或全自动病原菌鉴定分析仪鉴定到种，药敏试验按CLSI规定的标准进行，采用WHONET5．6软件进行数据统计分析。结果2012年西安地区临床共分离出病原菌17897株，其中革兰阴性菌11887株占66．42％，革兰阳性菌5321株占29．73％，真菌689株占3．85％；检出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（M RS A ）1081株，检出率为58．34％；未发现耐万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌，屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药率分别为4．59％和3．47％，对利奈唑胺的耐药率分别为1．46％和1．01％；检出产ESBLs大肠埃希菌2107株、肺炎克雷伯菌791株，检出率分别为57．80％、42．52％，其对头孢曲松的耐药率均为100．00％。结论医院感染病原菌耐药现象较为普遍，且耐药率仍呈上升趋势，特别是MRSA、产ESBLs酶的肠杆菌科病原菌、广泛耐药非发酵菌越来越严峻，对医院感染的重要病原菌进行重点监测，才能有效地利用病原菌耐药监测结果指导临床合理应用抗菌药物，逐步降低病原菌耐药性。“,”OBJECTIVE To summarize distribution and drug resistant features of clinical isolates in the Xi′an area in the year 2012 so as to provide data of bacterial drug resistance monitoring for pharmaceutical administration and clinical rational drug use .METHODS Isolates from seven Grade 3‐Level A hospitals in the Xi′an area in the year 2012 were cultured by routine method and identified by the semi‐automatic or automatic bacteria analysis system . Drug susceptibility test was conducted according to CLSI standards .Data statistical analysis was performed with the WHONET5 .6 software .RESULTS Totally 17 897 strains of pathogens were isolated in the Xi′an area in the year 2013 ,in which there were 11 887 strains (66 .42% ) of gram negative bacteria ,5 321 strains (28 .76% ) of gram positive bacteria ,and 689 strains (3 .85% ) of fungi .And 1 081 strains of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococ‐cus aureus (MRSA) were detected ,the detection rate was 58 .34% .No vancomycin‐resistant S .aureus was detected .The drug resistant rates of Enterococcus f aecium and Enterococcus f aecalis against vancomycin and linezolid were 4 .59% ,3 .47% and 1 .46% ,1 .01% respectively .Totally 2 107 strains of ESBL‐producing Esche‐richia coli and 791 strains of K lebsiella pneumaniae were detected ,the detection rate was 57 .80% and 42 .50% , the resistances against ceftriaxone were both 100 .0% . CONCLUSION The drug resistance of isolates for nosocomial infection was universal and increasing .Much attention should be paid to MRSA ,ESBL‐producing Enterobacteria ,extensive‐resistant non‐ferment bacteria ,which should be under close surveillance as the situation of infections caused by them is getting severe so as to guide clinical rational use of antimicrobial agents according to monitoring results and gradually reduce the development of drug resistance .