论文部分内容阅读
宪法基本权利是一个开放而非封闭的体系,得益于宪法文本之外权利的司法保护,主要包括人身与经济自由,是法官通过对第十四条修正案正当程序条款采用实质性正当程序的解释而完成的。通过适用不同的审查标准,法院徘徊于谦抑与能动之间。先例规则使司法承认的权利在个案中具有拘束力。美国政府与公众对法官创制非文本自由利益并未给予过多的怀疑,法官只是需要警惕防止在抵制一个专断的过程中形成新的专断。
The fundamental rights of the Constitution is an open but not closed system, which benefits from the judicial protection of the rights outside the text of the Constitution, including the personal and economic freedom. It is the result of the judges’ adoption of substantive due process for the due process clause of the 14th Amendment Explained and completed. By applying different censorship standards, courts hover between modesty and initiative. The precedent rules make the judicial recognition of rights binding in individual cases. The U.S. government and the public have not given too much doubt about the freedom of judges to create non-textual freedom. Judges just need to be vigilant in preventing the formation of new arbitrage in the process of boycotting a dictatorship.