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本世纪以来,尤其是第二次世界大战以后,西方国家经过几次流通革命,商业高度发达,其在国民经济中的地位日益重要。1989年,美国与日本的商业在国内生产总值中所占比重均高达17%,英国、法国、前联邦德国、加拿大等国也都达到10%以上。从战后国外商业的发展过程中,可以看出具有以下趋势: 一、商业形式多元化随着社会化大生产和现代市场经济的发展,商业形式随之相应地发生变化。一方面,原有的形式逐步走向成熟和发展;另一方面,新的形式又不断涌现。新旧形式并存,呈现出多元化的趋势。无论是批发商业还是零售商业,都有多种形式。以美国为例,其批发商业主要有4种形
Since this century, especially after the Second World War, Western countries have undergone several revolutions in circulation and have developed their commerce highly. Their position in the national economy has become increasingly important. In 1989, the U.S. and Japan’s commerce accounted for 17% of GDP, and the United Kingdom, France, the former Federal Republic of Germany, and Canada also reached more than 10%. From the development of post-war foreign commerce, it can be seen that there are the following trends: 1. Diversification of commercial forms With the development of large-scale social production and modern market economy, the commercial forms have correspondingly changed. On the one hand, the original form gradually matures and develops; on the other hand, new forms continue to emerge. The coexistence of old and new forms shows a trend of diversification. Whether it is wholesale business or retail business, there are many forms. Taking the United States as an example, there are four main types of wholesale business.