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激光冲击强化(Laser Shock Processing)又称激光喷丸(Laser Peening)是一种新型表面强化技术,是利用高功率密度(可达GW/cm2)、短脉冲(ns量级)激光辐照材料表面时,材料表面的表面吸收层(涂覆层)吸收激光能量发生爆炸性汽化蒸发,产生高压(GPa)等离子体,该等离子体受到约束层的约束爆炸时产生高压冲击波,作用于金属表面并向内部传播。在材料表层形成密集、稳定的位错结构的同时,使材料表层产生应变硬化,残留很大的压应力,显著的提高材料的抗疲劳和抗应力腐蚀等性能。介绍了激光诱导等离子体的原理、激光在材料表面诱导冲击压力模型、激光冲击致材料表层纳米化、激光冲击诱导等离子体强化技术应用于钛合金和铝合金在航空工业中的应用,并对该技术的国内外研究现状进行了阐述及展望。
Laser Shock Processing Laser Peening, also known as Laser Peening, is a new type of surface enhancement technology that uses a high power density (up to GW / cm2), short pulse (ns) laser to irradiate the surface of a material , The surface absorption layer (coating layer) on the surface of the material absorbs the laser energy and undergoes explosive vaporization evaporation to generate a high-pressure (GPa) plasma which is confined by the constraint layer to generate a high-pressure shock wave upon explosion and acts on the metal surface and inwardly spread. In the material surface to form a dense, stable dislocation structure, while the material surface strain hardening, leaving a lot of compressive stress, significantly improve the material fatigue resistance and stress corrosion resistance and other properties. The principle of laser-induced plasma, laser-induced impact pressure model on the surface of the material, surface nanocrystallization of laser shock-induced material, and laser shock-induced plasma enhanced technology are introduced in the application of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy in aviation industry. Technology research status at home and abroad are described and prospects.