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目的对菊科药用植物菊Chrysanthemum morifolium非药用部位化学成分的分布和动态积累进行分析评价,为该药用生物资源的综合利用提供科学依据。方法分别采用超高效液相-三重四级杆质谱联用仪(UPLC-TQ/MS)、紫外可见分光光度法(UV)、超高效液相-二极管阵列检测器(UPLC-DAD),测定不同生长期菊根、茎、叶中氨基酸类、核苷类、黄酮类及有机酸类成分的量。结果氨基酸类成分分析结果表明,菊的根、茎、叶中检测到13种氨基酸,总氨基酸的量分布顺序为:根>叶>茎;核苷类成分分析结果表明,菊叶中检测到4种核苷,茎和根中分别检测到2种核苷,总核苷的量分布顺序为:叶>根>茎;黄酮类成分分析结果表明,总黄酮类成分的量分布顺序为:叶>根>茎,其中叶片所含黄酮类成分量为9.94%~18.66%,根中质量分数为5.88%~8.02%,茎中质量分数为3.98%~5.41%;有机酸类成分分析表明,总有机酸的质量分数分布顺序为:叶>根>茎,叶中质量分数为2.44%~4.94%,根中质量分数为1.89%~2.64%,茎中质量分数为1.20%~1.48%。不同生长期菊根、茎、叶中黄酮类和有机酸类成分量发生动态变化,在菊花采摘后达到高峰。结论菊非药用部位尤其是叶中含有丰富的资源性化学成分,且在采摘花序后为资源丰产期。该研究结果为菊花采收后废弃物的资源化利用提供了有益的借鉴。
Objective To analyze and evaluate the distribution and dynamic accumulation of chemical constituents of non-medicinal parts of Asteraceae chrysanthemum morifolium, providing a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of medicinal biological resources. The methods were characterized by UPLC-TQ / MS, UV-Vis and UPLC-DAD, respectively The amount of amino acids, nucleosides, flavonoids and organic acids in the roots, stems and leaves during the growth period. Results Amino acid composition analysis showed that 13 kinds of amino acids were detected in roots, stems and leaves of chrysanthemum. The distribution order of total amino acids was root> leaf> stem. The results of nucleoside analysis showed that 4 Two kinds of nucleosides were detected in nucleosides, stems and roots respectively. The order of total nucleosides was leaf> root> stem. The results of flavonoid analysis showed that the order of the total flavonoids was leaf> Root> stem, among which the content of flavonoids in leaves was 9.94% ~ 18.66%, the root mass fraction was 5.88% ~ 8.02%, and the stem mass fraction was 3.98% ~ 5.41%. The analysis of organic acids showed that total organic The order of acid mass fraction was leaf> root> stem, the mass fraction of leaf was 2.44% ~ 4.94%, the mass fraction of root was 1.89% ~ 2.64%, the mass fraction of stem was 1.20% ~ 1.48%. The contents of flavonoids and organic acids in the roots, stems and leaves of different growth stages changed dynamically and peaked after harvesting. Conclusion The non-medicinal parts of chrysanthemum, especially the leaves, are rich in resource-based chemical components, and are the resource-rich period after picking inflorescences. The results of this study provide a useful reference for the utilization of waste after the harvest of chrysanthemum.