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一种抗菌素,即使在血清中达不到杀菌浓度,但只要在尿中能达到杀菌浓度,便可成功地治疗肾盂肾炎。大肠杆菌的多数菌株对12.5～50微克/毫升的青霉素G敏感,从临床上分离的奇异变形杆菌的多数菌株对5～10微克/毫升的青霉素G敏感。一次日服500毫克青霉素G钾盐后,其尿中平均浓度为,头两小时597微克/毫升,第2个两小时324微克/毫升,4至6小时40微克/毫升。虽然青霉素G的吸收,从血清中的浓度来看不够恒定,但是服药后6小时内尿中的浓度均远远超过抑制多数尿路致病菌所必需的浓度。青霉素V虽然吸收比较完全,但是它对固紫阴性杆菌的杀菌力只为青霉素G的1/8～1/16,因此用来治疗尿路感染效力就较差。
An antibiotic that successfully treats pyelonephritis even if it can not reach the bactericidal concentration in the serum, as long as the bactericidal concentration is achieved in the urine. Most strains of E. coli are sensitive to penicillin G at 12.5-50 micrograms per milliliter and most strains of Proteus clinically isolated are sensitive to penicillin G at 5-10 micrograms per milliliter. A daily dose of 500 mg penicillin G potassium resulted in an average urine concentration of 597 μg / ml for the first two hours, 324 μg / ml for the second two hours and 40 μg / ml for 4 to 6 hours. Although the absorption of penicillin G is not constant enough from the serum concentration, its urine concentration far exceeds the concentration necessary to inhibit most urinary tract pathogens within 6 hours of taking the drug. Although penicillin V is relatively intact, its bactericidal effect on solid-violet-negative bacilli is only 1/8 to 1/16 of that of penicillin G. Therefore, penicillin V is less effective in treating urinary tract infections.