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目的分析2001-2015年宁夏地区新发尘肺病发病规律和特征,为今后科学合理地做好尘肺病防制提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集整理2001-2015年期间诊断上报的新发病例作为研究对象,进行回顾性的统计分析。结果 2001-2015年宁夏地区共有1 607例新发尘肺病患者,患者以男性为主,发病年龄主要集中在40~50岁区间范围内,接尘工龄主要集中在20~25年区间范围内,发病工种主要是采煤工和掘进;不同种类尘肺病的发病年龄构成、接尘工龄构成和期别构成差异有统计学意义(χ~2=43.793,P<0.05;χ~2=88.646,P<0.05;χ~2=45.937,P<0.05)。结论应根据尘肺病的发病特征,加强重点人群的职业健康监护和监督管理力度,有效预防和控制尘肺病的发生。
Objective To analyze the regularity and characteristics of the incidence of new-onset pneumoconiosis in Ningxia from 2001 to 2015, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of pneumoconiosis in a scientific and reasonable manner in the future. Methods Through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, new cases of diagnostic escalation reported during 2001-2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 1 607 cases of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis were recruited in Ningxia from 2001 to 2015. The patients were predominantly male. The age of onset was mainly in the range of 40-50 years old. The main occupational exposure was in the range of 20-25 years. The main types of diseases were coal mining and tunneling. The age of onset of different types of pneumoconiosis, composition and age of dust-exposure were statistically different (χ ~ 2 = 43.793, P <0.05; χ ~ 2 = 88.646, P <0.05; χ ~ 2 = 45.937, P <0.05). Conclusion According to the characteristics of pneumoconiosis, we should strengthen the occupational health supervision and supervision of key populations and effectively prevent and control the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.