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为在西北干旱区推广发展枸杞产业,采用试验方式,确定适宜枸杞产业的节水栽培模式。试验在秸秆覆盖与不覆盖两种条件下进行,分别设置了3个灌水水平,依次为6 400 m3·hm-2、5 120 m3·hm-2、3 840 m3·hm-2,测定和分析了土壤水分、光合特性、产量以及灌溉水利用效率,结果表明:(1)土壤含水量随灌水量的增大而增大,相同灌水条件下覆盖较不覆盖土壤含水量提高了6.8%~12.2%。(2)Fo值与灌水量呈反比关系,在覆盖条件下,Fm值和Fv/Fm呈现出先增加后减小的趋势;同等灌水量条件下,覆盖处理的Fm值和Fv/Fm均高于不覆盖处理,qN值变化与之相反。(3)各处理净光合速率呈“双峰型”日变化趋势,但W3处理第2个峰值显著低于其余各处理。相同灌水量下,覆盖较不覆盖处理其日均净光合速率分别提高了7.2%、24.0%、16.8%。(4)产量和灌溉水利用效率均以W2F为最优,分别为2308.32 kg·hm-2、0.45 kg·m-3。综上所述,灌溉定额为5 120 m3·hm-2且采取秸秆覆盖的W2F处理是一种最优的节水灌溉模式,值得推广应用。
In order to promote the development of Chinese wolfberry industry in the arid region of northwestern China, the experimental mode was adopted to determine the water-saving cultivation mode suitable for Chinese wolfberry industry. The experiment was carried out under the conditions of straw mulching and non-mulching. Three irrigation levels were set, followed by 6 400 m 3 · hm -2 5 120 m 3 · hm -2,3 840 m 3 · hm -2, respectively Soil moisture, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and irrigation water use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The soil water content increased with the increase of irrigation water volume, and the soil water content under the same irrigation condition increased 6.8% ~ 12.2 %. (2) The Fo value was inversely proportional to the irrigation volume. Under the conditions of coverage, the Fm value and Fv / Fm showed the first increase and then the decrease trend. Under the same irrigation condition, the Fm value and Fv / Fm were both higher than Without covering, qN changes in the opposite direction. (3) The net photosynthetic rate of all treatments showed a “double peak” diurnal variation trend, but the second peak of W3 treatment was significantly lower than the other treatments. The average daily net photosynthetic rate increased by 7.2%, 24.0% and 16.8%, respectively, under the same irrigation amount. (4) Both W2F yield and irrigation water use efficiency were the best, which were respectively 2308.32 kg · hm-2 and 0.45 kg · m-3. To sum up, W2F treatment with irrigation quota of 5 120 m3 · hm-2 and straw mulching is an optimal water-saving irrigation mode, which is worth popularizing and applying.