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一、汕头特区同其他特区经济发展水平产生差距的主客观原因 一是区位条件不同。深圳毗邻香港,珠海靠近澳门,而汕头偏于粤东一隅,地处“省尾国角”,显然,地理区位优势不如深圳、珠海。 二是体制、政策不同。全国沿海4个特区中,汕头起步晚了一年,且只被批准搞一个1.6平方公里的出口加工区。以后经过两次扩大,才使234平方公里的市区成为特区,而这一过程跨越10年,直至1991年才实现。小特区与大城市长期并存的体制,无疑给汕头建设带来诸多难题。而深圳一开始就确定为外向型、综合性、多功能经济特区的发展模式,一步到位。珠海也先于汕头于1988年扩大了特区范围,理顺了特区与非特区的关系。厦门早在1984年就被允许朝有限度自由港模式发展。并且经过十多年改革开放,深圳和厦门已成为计划单列市,享有省一级政府经济管理权限,并具有地方立法权,享受了国家给予更优惠的金融信贷、财税等政策待遇,但汕头仍然是地级市建制,至今并没有地方立法权,这些政策差异,一定程度上制约着汕头特区经济的发展。
First, the subjective and objective reasons for the disparity between the economic development of Shantou and other SEZs First, the location conditions are different. Shenzhen is adjacent to Hong Kong and Zhuhai is close to Macao. Shantou is located in the corner of eastern Guangdong Province and is located at the provincial end of the country. Obviously, the geographic advantage is not as good as Shenzhen and Zhuhai. Second, different systems and policies. Among the four SEZs across the country, Shantou started a year late and was only allowed to engage in a 1.6-square-kilometer export processing zone. After two enlargements in the future, 234 square kilometers of urban areas became special zones. This process spanned 10 years and was not realized until 1991. The system of long-term coexistence between the small-special-zone and major cities undoubtedly poses many problems for Shantou’s construction. Shenzhen was determined as an export-oriented, comprehensive and multi-functional SEZ development model in its very beginning. Zhuhai also first expanded its territory in Shantou in 1988, straightening out the relationship between the SAR and the non-SEZ. As early as 1984, Xiamen was allowed to develop towards a mode of free port development. And after more than 10 years of reform and opening up, Shenzhen and Xiamen have become separate cities under planning, enjoy provincial-level government economic management authority, and have the local legislative power, enjoy the state to give more favorable financial credit, taxation and other policy treatment, but Shantou still Is a prefecture-level city system, so far there is no place for legislative power, these policy differences, to a certain extent, restrict the economic development of Shantou Special Economic Zone.