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市民社会是马克思现代性理论的重要基础。通过对市民社会与国家关系的探讨,马克思阐明现代国家与市民社会的分离是现代性确立的重要标志;通过对市民社会经济领域的考察,马克思指出市民社会是现代性发展的真正的实践领地。在对市民社会进行全面探究后,马克思看到市民社会的局限与矛盾,从而提出超越市民社会,从政治解放到人类解放的共产主义理想。这里,市民社会又成为马克思的现代性自我批判与超越的基础。
Civil society is an important foundation of Marx’s modernity theory. Through the discussion of the relationship between civil society and the state, Marx elaborated that the separation of the modern state from the civil society is an important symbol of the establishment of modernity. Through the investigation of the civil society economy, Marx pointed out that civil society is the real practice territory for the development of modernity. After a thorough exploration of civil society, Marx saw the limitations and contradictions of civil society, and proposed a communist ideal that goes beyond civil society and from political liberation to human liberation. Here, civil society has become the basis of Marx’s self-criticism and transcendence of modernity.