由于新型大型客机空中续航时间长和国内、国际航空业务的空前发展，产生了飞行人员工作时间延长、工作时间不规律、夜航及跨时区长途飞行等问题。而由这些问题引起的飞行疲劳与工作能力下降又可能是造成事故的重要原因。因而民航飞行人员的飞行时限与休息制度问题越来越受到有关部门的重视。笔者综述了民用航空中由于飞行时间不规律、夜航、快速时区变化对飞行人员睡眠、疲劳和工作能力的影响，并通过对昼夜节律与时差效应的关系和影响时差效应的六个因素（跨时区的数目及速率；飞行方向；在新抵达地点的停留时间；个体差异；年龄；环境因素）的研究，发现了延长晚间深度睡眠和午间小睡有利于身体健康和提高工作效率。指出了飞行人员在长时间飞行和跨时区飞行过程中，充分的睡眠结合适当的间断休息是保证飞行人员保持空中警觉和工作能力处于最佳状态的重要措施。还就制定民航飞行时限与休息制度问题，提出了修改有关规定、合理安排飞行计划、增加机组人数、机上轮流休息和（或）小睡等建议。 Due to the long flight life of the new large passenger aircraft and the unprecedented development of domestic and international air services, there have been problems such as prolonged working hours of pilots, irregular working hours, night flights and long-haul flights across time zones. And the flight fatigue and the decline of working ability caused by these problems may be the important causes of the accident. Therefore, the flight time limit and rest system of civil aviation pilots are paid more and more attention by relevant departments. The author summarizes the effects of flight time irregularity, night flight and rapid time zone on flight sleep, fatigue and working ability in civil aviation. Through the analysis of the relationship between circadian rhythm and time difference effect and the six factors that influence the time difference effect The number and rate of time zones; flight direction; dwell time at new arrivals; individual differences; age; environmental factors) found that prolonging nighttime deep sleep and midday nap are good for health and work efficiency. Pointed out that the flight crew in the long flight and cross-time zone flight process, adequate sleep combined with the appropriate intermittent break is to ensure that pilots remain alert and working ability is an important measure of workability. Also on the development of civil aviation flight time limit and rest system, proposed amendments to the relevant provisions of a reasonable flight plan, increase the number of crew, on-board rest and (or) nap and other recommendations.