Purpose: The objective of our study was to compare the effectiveness of the combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with that of surgical resection (SR) in Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) A hepatocellular carcinoma.Materials and Methods: PubMed,Medline,Embase,and Cochrane Library were searched for comparisons of the two therapies from January 2006 to December 2017.Overall survival rate (OS),recurrence-free survival rate (RFS),complications,and the average length of hospital stay were compared and analyzed.Review Manager v.5.2 from the Cochrane Collaboration was used for statistical analyses.Results: Seven case-control studies and one randomized controlled trial were identified,of which 717 were treated with a combination of TACE and RFA and 785 were treated with SR.Meta-analysis data revealed that TACE plus RFA had significantly better effectiveness on 1.0-y OS (OR =0.50,p =.009).The major complications (ORcomplications =1.88,p =.02) after the combined therapy were significantly lower than those after SR.There were three studies that reported the average length of hospital stay.The hospital stay for the SR group vs the combined therapy group was 19.8 ± 8.4 d vs 7.4 ± 2.2 d,respectively (p ＜.0001);18.7 ± 4.9 d vs 11.5 ± 6.9 d,respectively (p ＜.0001);and 16.6 ± 6.7 d vs 8.5 ± 4.1 d,respectively (p ＜.0001).There was no significant difference in 3.0-or 5.0-y OS and 1.0-,3.0-,or 5.0-y RFS.Conclusion: The combination of TACE and RFA has advantages in improving 1.0-y OS,reducing complications,and shortening the length of hospital stay over that of SR in the treatment of patients with BCLC A HCC.