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目的:探索针对建筑工地外来农民工预防艾滋病策略和途径,建立符合建筑工地外来农民工预防艾滋病的工作模式,评价预防艾滋病知识健康教育和行为干预的效果。方法:随机抽取海宁市11个建筑工地,将其中的外来农民工分为自愿咨询检测(VCT)干预组、宣传干预组和对照组。应用多种形式对VCT干预组、宣传干预组开展预防艾滋病知识健康教育和行为干预。在干预前和干预后进行2次问卷调查。结果:干预前,对照组、VCT组和宣传干预组调查对象艾滋病相关知识平均知晓率为49.36%、40.63%和52.77%。对VCT组和宣传干预组实施干预措施后调查,3组调查对象艾滋病相关知识平均知晓率为50.25%、73.35%、67.12%。对照组无明显差异,VCT组和宣传干预组分别提高了32.72%和14.35%;通过干预后,VCT组和宣传干预组对待艾滋病的信念、态度有一定程度改变,认为“艾滋病人应该有和正常人一样的权利,”VCT组从46.52%上升到76.56%,宣传干预组从56.28%上升到73.97%;为“预防艾滋病自愿减少性伴侣,”VCT组从51.30%上升到81.25%,宣传干预组从75.71%上升到78.08%;“为预防艾滋病愿意坚持使用避孕套,”VCT组从52.61%上升到82.81%,宣传干预组无明显变化;“有性病症状时选择愿意去性病专科医院接受诊治,”VCT组从31.74%上升到61.72%,宣传干预组从42.51%上升到63.70%;与“卖淫女”发生性关系时每次使用安全套,VCT组从16.67%上升到53.85%,宣传干预组从22.22%上升到40.00%。结论:开展以提供VCT服务和艾滋宣传干预相结合的艾滋病健康教育和行为干预工作,可以有效地提高海宁市建筑工地农民工艾滋病防治知识,并逐步促进行为的改变。
Objectives: To explore strategies and ways to prevent AIDS among migrant workers in construction sites and to establish a working model that meets the needs of migrant workers in construction sites to prevent AIDS. To evaluate the effects of HIV / AIDS prevention and health education and behavioral interventions. Methods: 11 construction sites were randomly selected from Haining City. The migrant workers were divided into VCT intervention group, publicity intervention group and control group. The application of various forms of VCT intervention group, advocacy intervention group to carry out AIDS prevention knowledge and health education and behavior intervention. Two surveys were conducted before intervention and after intervention. Results: Before the intervention, the average awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge among the control group, VCT group and publicity intervention group was 49.36%, 40.63% and 52.77% respectively. After the implementation of intervention measures in VCT group and publicity intervention group, the average awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge among the three groups was 50.25%, 73.35% and 67.12%. There was no significant difference between the control group and the VCT group and the publicity intervention group by 32.72% and 14.35% respectively. After the intervention, the beliefs and attitudes of the VCT group and the publicity intervention group to AIDS were somewhat changed, and the “AIDS patients should have The same rights of normal people, ”VCT group increased from 46.52% to 76.56%, advocacy intervention group increased from 56.28% to 73.97%; for“ voluntary HIV prevention of sexual partners, ”VCT group rose from 51.30% to 81.25% , The publicity intervention group increased from 75.71% to 78.08%; “The AIDS prevention group is willing to stick to the use of condoms ” VCT group increased from 52.61% to 82.81%, advocacy intervention group no significant change; “ Went to the STD specialist hospital for treatment, ”the VCT group increased from 31.74% to 61.72%, and the publicity intervention group increased from 42.51% to 63.70%; with“ prostitute woman ”, each time the condom was used, the VCT group changed from 16.67 % Rose to 53.85%, publicity intervention group increased from 22.22% to 40.00%. Conclusion: To carry out AIDS health education and behavioral intervention to provide VCT service and AIDS awareness intervention can effectively improve AIDS prevention and control knowledge of migrant workers at construction sites in Haining and gradually promote behavioral change.