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近年来,大尺度海气作用与长期天气过程的关系已普遍引起人们的注意,其中Bjerkness分析了位于赤道太平洋中部坎顿岛的资料后指出,赤道太平洋中部及东部的海表温度为暖水时,其上空的纬圈环流(沃克环流)西端的上升分支将东移到坎顿岛附近,并获得加强,这一上升分支同时成为太平洋哈德莱环流的上升分支,这样由于加强了角动量的向北输送,将使得付热带高压、太平洋中部低压槽及东北太平洋中纬度的西风均增强;反之,当赤道太平洋中部与东部的海表为冷水时,则对大气影响的效果相反。但是,需要指出的是,Bjerkness所分析的是赤道海表冷暖与冬季东北太平洋中纬度大气环流间的联系,没有注意到对西北太平洋中纬度大气环流的影响,同时在他的工作中也没有应用资料揭露赤道太平洋上空的纬圈环流与经圈输送之间的相互制约的关系。 由于西北太平洋中纬度大气环流的长期变化将直接关系到我国旱涝、低温等天气的长期预报,所以,有必要分析热带海洋的热状况对西北太平洋中纬度大气环流的影响。
In recent years, the relationship between large-scale air-sea effects and long-term weather processes has drawn much attention. According to Bjerkness’s analysis of the data in the central equatorial Pacific, the data indicate that when the sea surface temperature in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific is warm , The ascending branch of the western end of the latitudinal circulation (Walker circulation) over the eastern part of Canton will move east to the vicinity of the island of Canton and be strengthened, and this ascending branch will also be an ascending branch of the Pacific Hadley circulation. As a result, Conveying northwards will increase the pressure on the tropical high, the low pressure trough in the central Pacific Ocean and the mid-latitude westerly winds in the northeastern Pacific. On the contrary, when the sea surface in the central and eastern Equatorial Pacific is cold water, it will have the opposite effect on the atmosphere. However, it should be pointed out that Bjerkness analyzed the relationship between the warming of the equatorial sea surface and the mesosphere of the northeastern Pacific in winter, failing to notice the impact on the mid-latitude general circulation in the northwestern Pacific and not applying his work The data reveal the relationship between the latitudinal circulation over the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the inter-ring transportation. Long-term changes in the atmospheric circulation in the mid-latitudes of the Northwest Pacific will be directly related to the long-term forecasts of drought, low temperature and other weather conditions in our country. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the impact of the tropical oceanic conditions on the atmospheric circulation in the mid-latitudes of the Northwest Pacific.