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1 硬软酸碱原理(HSAB原理) HSAB原理是目前化学中应用范围很广的一个定性规律。按照该原理,所有的化合物(A:B)均可拆分为A和:B,前者为酸,后者为碱。依照性质,酸碱有软硬之分。硬酸受电原子体积小,有较高的正电荷,没有容易被扭变或除去的价电子。软酸的受电原子体积大,有较少正电荷或等于零;有若干易被扭变或除去的价电子。硬碱的给电子原子极化性低,电负性高,难氧化,价电子难失去或者扭变;而软碱相反。一般认为,硬性与离子键有关,软性与共价键有关。大量事实已证明,硬酸优先与硬碱配位,软酸优先与软碱配位,这便是HSAB原理。
1 Hard and soft acid principle (HSAB principle) HSAB principle is a wide range of chemical applications of a qualitative law. According to this principle, all the compounds (A: B) can be split into A and: B, the former is an acid and the latter a base. According to the nature of acid-base hard and soft points. Hard acid receiving atomic small size, high positive charge, there is no easy to be twisted or removed valence electrons. The acceptor of a soft acid is bulky, has less positive charge or is equal to zero, and has several valence electrons that can be easily twisted or removed. Hard alkali electron donor to the low polarizability, electronegativity high, difficult to oxidation, valence electron is difficult to lose or twist; and the opposite of the soft base. Generally believed that the hard and ionic bond, soft and covalent bond related. A large number of facts have proved that the hard acid preferential and hard base coordination, soft acid priority and soft base coordination, which is HSAB principle.