麻疹是较常见的传染病之一。肺炎是麻疹最常见的并发症。麻疹肺炎患者偶可并发肺间质、纵隔障及皮下气肿(以下统称肺间质纵隔障及皮下气肿为广泛性气肿)。本文报告2例麻疹合并肺炎并发广泛性气肿病例,同时根据手头文献资料对本病的发病率、发病机理、临床表现及诊断、治疗、预后讨论于下。例1 王某,男,6岁,住院号59230。于入院前4天起发热,流涕、咳嗽,继而耳后及颜面出现红色斑丘疹,渐延及躯干和四肢。入院前1天病孩突然出现高热达39℃,咳嗽及气促加重,伴有烦燥不安。入院当天早上家人发现病孩颈部肿大,口唇紫绀,急 Measles is one of the more common infectious diseases. Pneumonia is the most common complication of measles. Even patients with measles pneumonia may be complicated by pulmonary interstitial mediastinal, mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema (hereinafter referred to as interstitial pneumonitis and subcutaneous emphysema for extensive emphysema). This article reports 2 cases of measles complicated with pneumonia complicated with extensive emphysema cases, at the same time based on the literature on the incidence of this disease, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, treatment, prognosis discussed below. Example 1 Wang, male, 6 years old, hospital number 59,230. 4 days before admission, fever, runny nose, cough, followed by redheads and face appear red rash, gradually extending and trunk and limbs. One day before admission, the patient suddenly developed hyperthermia up to 39 ° C, coughing and shortness of breath increased, accompanied by irritability. On the morning of admission, the family found that the patient had swollen neck, cyanotic lips and urgency