本文首先叙述初诊时诊断上应该注意的事项,其中包括与脑卒中类似疾病的鉴别诊断和关于脑卒中分类的要点,其次再详述门诊治疗的慢性期患者,以及以预防再发为目的的药物疗法、饮食疗法和日常生活的规范化。一、鉴别诊断的要点发病后不久的患者,需要和脑卒中类似疾病进行鉴别的,首先是慢性硬膜下血肿,其次为脑肿瘤。对于慢性硬膜下血肿来说,详细地采集病史是重要的。当60岁以上的男性患者在2～3个月以前,有头部外伤既往史时,就要想到本病。即使没有头部外伤史,多量饮酒的患者也要注意,其症状特征如表1所示 This article begins with a description of the issues that should be noted when first diagnosed, including the differential diagnosis of stroke-like illness and the classification of stroke, followed by the outpatient treatment of chronic patients and the prevention of recurrence Therapies, diet regimens and the normalization of everyday life. First, the main points of differential diagnosis Shortly after onset of patients need to identify similar diseases and stroke, first of all chronic subdural hematoma, followed by brain tumors. For chronic subdural hematomas, it is important to take a detailed history. When the male patients over the age of 60 in 2 to 3 months ago, there is a history of head trauma, we must think of the disease. Even without a history of head trauma, patients who take large amounts of alcohol have to be aware that the symptoms are as shown in Table 1