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现已认为,尼古丁的吸入是维持烟瘾的主要原因。最近问世的戒烟辅助药——尼古丁口香糖可帮助吸烟者克服精神依赖性。一旦精神依赖性得到克服,则尼古丁口香糖的应用可减少乃至最后撤除。由于尼古丁作为“治疗性药”而被采用,因此有必要对其临床药动学进行认真的研究。尼古丁在胃肠道吸收很差,口服给药后的生物利用度不到20%。嚼烟和嚼尼古丁口香糖者的口腔粘膜是尼古丁的主要吸收部位,该途径的吸收呈现高度的pH依赖性。尼古丁易从鼻粘膜吸收,但所致血浆尼古丁浓度存在明显的个体差异。尼古丁还可经皮吸收,这也许为不愿使用口香糖者提供了一种
Now that the inhalation of nicotine is to maintain the main reason for smoking. Nicotine chewing gum, the recently released cessation aid, helps smokers overcome spiritual dependence. Once the spiritual dependence is overcome, the use of nicotine chewing gum can be reduced and eventually removed. Because nicotine is used as a “therapeutic drug,” it is necessary to conduct a careful study of its clinical pharmacokinetics. Nicotine is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and has less than 20% bioavailability after oral administration. Oral mucosa of chewing tobacco and chewing nicotine chewing gum are the main absorption sites of nicotine, and the absorption of this pathway is highly pH-dependent. Nicotine is easily absorbed from the nasal mucosa, but there is a clear individual difference in plasma nicotine concentrations. Nicotine may also be absorbed through the skin, which may provide a reluctance to use chewing gum