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物质和能量的多层次利用是提高农业生态系统经济效益和生态效益的有效途径,构成生态农业研究的一个重要领域。本文从分析各农业产业间物质、能量的关系入手,探讨了多层次利用之所以能够提高物质、能量利用效率的原理,提出多层次利用的结构可分产业内和产业间两个层次,而后者是更加重要的,是实现多层次利用物质、能量的基础。文章没有具体罗列各种多层次利用的模式(这类文献已经发表了很多),而是总结了七条设计多层次利用的一般原则,它们是:因地制宜的原则;合理确定产业及农业生物种类数目的原则;突出重点产业的原则;合理控制辅助能量的原则;尽量扩大生产者种群的原则;合理安排空间布局的原则;加强防疫的原则。
The multi-level utilization of matter and energy is an effective way to improve the economic and ecological benefits of agro-ecosystems and constitutes an important area of ecological agriculture research. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the material and energy of various agricultural industries, this paper explores the principle that multi-level utilization can improve the efficiency of material and energy utilization. It proposes that the structure of multi-level utilization can be divided into two levels: intra-industry and inter-industry. Is even more important and is the basis for realizing the multi-level utilization of material and energy. The article does not specify the various modes of multi-level utilization (many of which have been published), but summarizes the general principles of the seven levels of multi-level design, namely: the principle of local conditions; the rational determination of the number of industrial and agricultural species Principle; principle of highlighting key industries; principle of reasonable control of auxiliary energy; principle of maximizing producer population; principle of rational arrangement of spatial layout; and strengthening of epidemic prevention principles.