中西封建政治史上都存在着限制君权的传统。西欧盛行的是由日尔曼法、神法与封建法融合而成的“王在法下”的“法治”传统,在中国则表现为儒学的君主受制于“天”、“礼”的政治传统,但这类传统多流于理论或理想的层面。在中西君主制中,“谏议”虽有规范君权的效应,但最终并不能束缚君权,而君主以加冕誓词或“罪己诏”所作的政治承诺也是如此。从君权的实际运作来看,中西封建君主制都带有基本的“人治”特征。 Both Chinese and Western feudal political history contain the tradition of restricting monarchy. The prevalence in Western Europe is the tradition of “rule of law” under the rule of the German law, the divine law and the feudal law, the “rule of law” under the “law of the king under the law.” In China, “Li ” political tradition, but such traditions often flow at the theoretical or ideal level. In the Sino-Western monarchy, “Jian Yi Jiao ” has the effect of regulating the monarchy, but in the end it can not bind the monarchy, and the political promise made by the monarch in a coronation or “sin” is also true. Judging from the actual operation of the monarchical power, both the Chinese and Western feudal monarchies have the basic “rule of man” feature.