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本文改变过去假定“水为不可压缩的”调压室水位振荡计算方法,考虑水的压缩性和压力波,按照水电站压力引水系统各个管道的不同的边界条件,推导压力与流量关系的基本方程式。应用这些方程式,在管道的交汇点建立压力、流量平衡方程式,得到较精确的常规差动式调压室和“新式差动式凋压室”的水位振荡联立微分方程式,可以用计算机求解。并有算例。计算程序也不很复杂,便于实际设计和研究工作中应用。 应用“小时段调压室水位流量平衡法”也可得到算解。计算程序不如应用联立微分方程简捷,但不用计算机也可求得误差不大的计算结果,两种方法均可应用。 常规调压室与“新式差动式调压室”比较,计算公式很类似,计算结果也很接近。新式差动式调压室水流条件和计算程序比较简单,可在实际工程上应用。 按照水为不可压缩的假定也可得出相应的水位振荡计算公式,与理论公式大体相同,但式内含有t值,后几个周期t值较大,误差也较大。
This paper changes the calculation method of water level oscillation in the past assuming “water is incompressible” and considers the compressibility of water and pressure wave. According to the different boundary conditions of each pipeline in hydropower station, the basic equation of pressure and flow is deduced. Applying these equations, pressure and flow balance equations are established at the intersections of the pipelines to obtain the more precise differential equations of the conventional differential pressure chamber and the water level oscillation of the “new differential pressure chamber” that can be solved by computer. There are examples. The calculation procedure is not very complicated, so it is easy to apply in the actual design and research work. Application of “small hours surge chamber water level flow balance method” can also be calculated. The calculation procedure is not as simple as applying the simultaneous differential equation, but the computation result with little error can be obtained without using a computer. Both methods can be applied. Conventional surge chamber and “new differential surge chamber” comparison, the formula is very similar, the calculation results are very close. The new differential surge chamber flow conditions and calculation procedures is relatively simple and can be applied in practical engineering. According to the assumption that water is incompressible, the corresponding formula of water level oscillation can also be drawn, which is roughly the same as the theoretical formula, but the value of t is included in the formula and the value of t is large and the error is also large after a few cycles.