一、引　言　　 ( 1 )如果中国在今后 2 0年里保持 7%或更高水平的经济增长率的话 ,它需要克服经济、社会、人类和环境带来的重要挑战。这些挑战多数是中国过去 30年成功的经济增长所带来的。( 2 )低劳动成本 (与全球竞争者相比 )、大规模生产 (中国成为“世界工厂”)以及出口 I. INTRODUCTION (1) If China maintains its economic growth rate of 7% or above in the next 20 years, it will need to overcome important economic, social, human and environmental challenges. Most of these challenges have come from the successful economic growth of China over the past 30 years. (2) Low labor costs (compared with global competitors), large-scale production (China becomes “world factory”) and exports