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1997年香港回归祖国后,根据《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》(以下简称基本法)的有关规定,原在香港实行的司法体制,除因设立香港特别行政区终审法院而产生变化外,予以保留。由于香港现行的审判体制不同于内地的审判体制,所以,本文结合香港现行的审判体制以及基本法的规定,就香港特别行政区的审判体制作一简单介绍。 一、香港特别行政区的法院 根据基本法第十九条、第八十条、第八十一条和第八十三条的规定,香港特别行政区享有独立的司法权和终审权。香港特别行政区法院除继续保持香港原有的法律制度和原则对法院审判权所作的限制外,对香港特别行政区所有的案件均有审判权。香港特别行政区法院对国防、外交等国家行为无管辖权。香港特别行政区各级法院是香港特别行政区的司法机关,行使香港特别行政区的审判权。香港特别行政区设立终审法院、高等法院、区域法院、裁判署法庭和其他专门法庭。香港特别行政区各级法院的组织和职权由法律决定。
Following the return of Hong Kong to the motherland in 1997, the original judicial system implemented in Hong Kong was retained except for changes in the Court of Final Appeal of the Hong Kong SAR, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “Basic Law”). Because Hong Kong’s current trial system is different from the Mainland’s trial system, this article makes a brief introduction to the trial system of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in light of the current trial system in Hong Kong and the provisions of the Basic Law. 1. The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region have independent judicial power and final adjudication right under Article 19, Article 80, Article 81 and Article 83 of the Basic Law. The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region have jurisdiction over all cases in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region except to continue to maintain the restrictions on the judicial power of the courts in Hong Kong’s original legal system and principles. The courts of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region have no jurisdiction over national defense, diplomacy and other acts of the nation. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region courts at all levels are the judicial organs of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and exercise the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region establishes the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court, the District Court, the Magistrates’ Courts and other specialized courts. The organization and powers of courts at all levels in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region are determined by law.