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为防控外来植物的扩散入侵,于2012年4月—2013年4月共5次全面调查了舟山岛及其附近岛屿的植物种类组成和外来植物分布状况,同时辅以典型抽样法,并结合历史资料,归纳整理了舟山岛不同历史时期的外来植物名录,共计48科106属145种;在此基础上对外来植物进行了风险评估并探讨了部分重要物种的入侵性。其中加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis Linn.)、喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.)对舟山岛入侵危害最大,应为今后防治的重点;藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides Sieber ex Steud.)、豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn.)等著名外来恶性杂草近20 a来并没有明显的扩散,危害等级为中等;新记录外来植物野莴苣(Lactuca serriola Linn.)的扩散、危害风险值得关注和警惕;水生生境外来植物中,凤眼蓝(Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)Solms)风险等级低,而互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Hubb.)、大米草(S.anglica Lois.)风险等级高,应加强监控;栽培植物西欧蝇子草(Silene gallica Linn.)首现逸为野生,生长扩散需要跟踪监控。
In order to prevent and control the proliferation and invasion of exotic plants, the plant species composition and the distribution of alien plants in Zhoushan Island and its adjacent islands were investigated thoroughly from April 2012 to April 2013 with 5 typical sampling methods combined with According to the historical data, we summed up the list of alien plants in Zhoushan Island during different historical periods, totaling 145 families of 106 genera and 48 families. On this basis, we evaluated the risk of exotic plants and discussed the invasiveness of some important species. Among them, Solidago canadensis Linn. And Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Were the most harmful to the invasion of Zhoushan Island, which should be the focus of future prevention and treatment. Ageratum conyzoides Sieber ex Steud. (Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn.) And other famous alien malignant weeds in the past 20 years to no significant proliferation, the hazard level is medium; the new record of alien plant wild Lettuce (Lactuca serriola Linn.) Spread, the risk of deserving attention and Vigilant; Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms has low risk level in aquatic habitats, while Spartina alterniflora Hubb., S.anglica Lois. Monitoring should be strengthened; the first plantation of Silene gallica Linn., A cultivated plant, is wild and its growth and spread need to be tracked and monitored.