Wastewater from super viscous oil processing cannot be effectively treated by conventional wastewater treatment plants in refineries because of its high concentration of various organic pollutants. In order to resolve this problem,a number of investigations were conducted in our work to understand the physicochemical properties,sedimentation,demulsification and pretreatment of such super viscous oil refinery wastewater.The results showed that the key issues for pretreatment of this wastewater were: (1) Optimized process parameters were used in the sedimentation and demulsification processes for oil removal to effectively recover oil and remove scum from wastewater;(2) A suitable flocculation process was selected to minimize oil,suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (CODcr). A pretreatment process including three continuous steps:oil removal by sedimentation,oil removal by demulsification,and flotation separation,was proposed and applied in Liaohe Petrochemical Company, PetroChina and the oil content in effluents was less than 200 mg/L and CODcr less than 2,500 mg/L, which completely met the requirement for influent of the conventional wastewater treatment plant,and the recovered super viscous oil reached 5,873 tons in the initial year in Liaohe Petrochemical Company, PetroChina. Wastewater from super viscous oil processing can not be effectively treated by conventional wastewater treatment plants in refineries because of its high concentration of various organic pollutants. In order to resolve this problem, a number of investigations were conducted in our work to understand the physicochemical properties, sedimentation , demulsification and pretreatment of such super viscous oil refinery wastewater. The results showed that the key issues for pretreatment of this wastewater were: (1) Optimized process parameters were used in the sedimentation and demulsification processes for oil removal to effectively recover oil and remove scum from wastewater; (2) A suitable flocculation process was selected to minimize oil, suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (CODcr). A pretreatment process including three continuous steps: oil removal by sedimentation, oil removal by demulsification, and flotation separation , was proposed and applied in Liaohe Petrochemical Company, Petro China and the oil content in effluents was less than 200 mg / L and CODcr less than 2,500 mg / L, which completely met the requirement for influent of the conventional wastewater treatment plant, and the recovered super viscous oil reached 5,873 tons in the initial year in Liaohe Petrochemical Company, PetroChina.