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以寄情写意和追求笔墨意趣为特征的文人画滥觞于唐宋,大盛于明清,由于时代、社会、环境以及画家各自政治地位和生活状态的不同,在绘画风格、情趣、笔墨等方面分别形成了各自不同的时代特色和个人风格。北宋以前山水画风格多平和静修,南宋则刚硬外露,元代又转入萧散含蓄。在“硬则匠,软则文”思想影响下,以崇尚平淡天真为艺术旨趣的董(源)、巨(然)、元四家,成为明清以后“吴门”、“松江”等文人画派、画家写意山水的圭臬。明清一些著名文人书画家大多不仕或不能仕,终身布衣。特别是明末清初,朝代更替,政治动乱,民族矛盾尖锐,加
In the Tang and Song dynasties, the literati paintings characterized by the love-seeking and the pursuit of the brush-and-ink mood originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Due to the different political status and living conditions of the times, society and environment as well as the painters, Different characteristics of the times and personal style. Before the Northern Song Dynasty landscapes and more calm static repair style, the Southern Song Dynasty was rigid and exposed, the Yuan Dynasty into Xiaosan subtle. Under the influence of “hard work, soft work and literature”, Dong (source), Giant (Ran) and Yuan 4, advocating plain naivete as the artistic interest, became scholars such as “Wu Men” and “Song Jiang” after the Ming and Qing dynasties Painting school, the artist landscapes freehand Kyrgyzstan. Ming and Qing dynasties, some well-known literati calligraphy and painting are not Shi or Shi Shi, life-long commoner. Especially the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the dynasties replaced, political turmoil, ethnic conflicts sharp, plus