一、八部《述奇》 19世纪60年代开始的洋务运动,造成第一代“向西方学习”的中国人。这些人中最了解欧洲、最了解德国的,当数张德彝,他在中德文化交流史上占有重要地位。张德彝,又叫德明,字在初,生于1847年,祖籍福建,后来到关外,籍隶汉军镶黄旗,入关后世居北京。张家虽是旗籍,因做不上官,家境清贫。正因如此,十五岁的 One or Eight “Surprise” The Westernization Movement started in the 1860s, resulting in the first generation of Chinese who “learned from the West.” Most of these people know Europe well and know Germany most. When Zhang Deyi is a minority, he occupies an important position in the history of Sino-German cultural exchanges. Zhang Deyi, also known as Deming, was born in 1847 in early Qing Dynasty. His ancestral home was Fujian. Although Zhang is the flag, because of failing to official, poor family. Because of this, fifteen years old