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[目的]2011年,美国环境保护署启动了Nex Gen项目,为下一代的风险科学建立了新的模式。[方法]Nex Gen框架建立于三个基石之上:由于基础生物学和毒理学的重要进展,人们获得了有关毒性通路的新数据;从人群健康角度来看,大多数的不良健康结局均涉及数种影响因素;重新关注新型风险评估方法,以期更好地为风险管理决策提供信息。[结果]Nex Gen框架分为三个阶段:第一阶段(目标)重点关注问题的提出和范围,将风险背景和风险管理决策可选方案纳入考虑范畴;第二阶段(风险评估)旨在运用新的毒性检测工具和技术确定关键的毒理学通路的扰动,以及采用先进的风险评估方法去更好地描述风险及其不确定性;第三阶段(风险管理)包括采用合理的风险管理决策原则,发展符合法律规范、经济效益、合理建议、以社区为基础或高技术含量的循证人群健康风险管理策略。[结论]对一系列案例研究原型的分析表明,实践中已开始采用Nex Gen框架的诸多方面。
[Purpose] In 2011, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched the Nex Gen project to establish a new model for the next generation of risk science. [Methodology] The Nex Gen framework is based on three cornerstones: new data on toxicological pathways have been obtained due to important advances in basic biology and toxicology; most of the adverse health outcomes from the population health perspective have involved Several influencing factors; refocus on new risk assessment methods to better inform risk management decisions. [Results] The Nex Gen framework is divided into three phases: the first phase (target) focuses on the proposal and scope of the problem, taking into account the risk context and options for risk management decision making; the second phase (risk assessment) New toxicological testing tools and techniques identify perturbations in key toxicological pathways and use advanced risk assessment methods to better describe risks and their uncertainties; Phase III (Risk Management) includes the use of sound risk management decision-making principles , To develop health risk management strategies that conform to legal norms, economic benefits, reasonable advice, community-based or high-tech content. [Conclusion] The analysis of a series of case study prototypes shows that in practice many aspects of the Nex Gen framework have been adopted.