19世纪中期德国随着神圣罗马帝国的政治和经济基础的瓦解呈现出双重形态,即出现了维持其个体性的邦国和由其组成的具有位阶的联邦国家,由此在德国存在两种宪法:邦国宪法和帝国宪法。邦国和帝国的关系是邦国国家法和帝国国家法所关注的重要问题之一。那种认为邦国是帝国的行政区或者帝国不过是基于国家条约而组成的国家联盟的主张都是错误的,邦国和国家都具有国家特性。通过厘定帝国宪法关于帝国领土、国民、国家机关、活动形式和行政的介绍,以及对邦国宪法关于王权、议会、行政机关和公务员的规定,明确帝国和邦国及它们各自与国民的关系和权限范围。 In the mid-19th century, with the disintegration of the political and economic foundations of the Holy Roman Empire, Germany showed a dual form of state power that maintained its individuality and an orderly federal state composed of it. As a result, there were two Constitution: Constitution of the State and Empire. The relationship between the state and the empire is one of the important issues of concern to the state law and the law of the empire. The idea of ​​a national coalition that considers the state as the empire’s empire or the empire but merely based on a national treaty is wrong. Both the state and the state have national characteristics. By deciding on the provisions of the Constitution of the Empire on the territories, nationals, state organs, forms of activities and administration of the empire, as well as the provisions of the Constitution of the State concerning royal power, parliaments, administrative organs and civil servants, the relations between the empire and the state, their respective nationals and their nationals Permissions.