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自从 Garner 和 Allard 在1920年发现了植物的光周期现象以来,1959年 Borthwick 通过光周期效应发现了光敏色素,并于1965年成功地提取出这种具有活性的物质,证明植物中光敏色素的水平强烈地影响着形态建成的过程。继而他又提出了色素的时间计量问题,为植物内生节奏和生理钟的研究,提供了色素计量标准。影响这种节奏的外界因素,主要是光,现在已知光敏色素存在于植物的细胞结构中,它对种子萌发、茎叶伸长,叶绿体运动、酶的合成、电位变化、花芽休眠、花的诱导等都具有重要的生理效应。
Since Garner and Allard discovered the photoperiod of plants in 1920, Borthwick discovered photochromic pigments by the photoperiodic effect in 1959 and successfully extracted this active substance in 1965, demonstrating that phytochrome levels in plants Strongly affect the morphogenesis of the process. Then he put forward the time measurement of pigment, which provided the standard of pigment measurement for the study of endophytic rhythm and physiological clock. The external factors that affect this rhythm are mainly light. It is now known that phytochromes are present in the cellular structure of plants and have significant effects on seed germination, stem and leaf elongation, chloroplast movement, enzyme synthesis, potential changes, flower bud dormancy, floral Induction and so has an important physiological effect.