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生物覆盖是改善土壤性质和提高作物产量的一种重要土壤管理措施。笔者以东台林场银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)用材林地为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,研究了覆盖材料(小麦秸秆、稻草秸秆和玉米秸秆)和覆盖量(2、4和6 kg/m2玉米秸秆)对表层土壤(0~10 cm)中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明:3种生物覆盖材料均不同程度地提高了土壤中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,以玉米秸秆和稻草秸秆覆盖效果较好。玉米秸秆覆盖量也显著影响了4种土壤酶的活性,总体来说覆盖量越大酶活性越强。土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶的活性与一年中的气候变化有关,随着土壤温度的升高而提高,7月份酶活性均达到最高,而土壤过氧化氢酶与其他3种酶相比,受温度的影响相对较小,10月份酶活性最大。因此,生物覆盖显著增加了银杏用材林土壤中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性,可用于提高银杏用材林地土壤的熟化程度和肥力水平。
Biological coverage is an important soil management measure to improve soil properties and increase crop yields. Taking Ginkgo biloba L. as the research object, the authors studied the effects of cover material (wheat straw, straw and corn stalks) and coverage (2,4 and 6 kg / m2 Effects of corn stover on urease, alkaline phosphatase activity, invertase and catalase activities in surface soil (0 ~ 10 cm). The results showed that all the three kinds of biological covering materials enhanced the activity of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and catalase to varying degrees, and covered the corn straw and straw straw better. The amount of corn straw mulching also significantly affected the activities of four soil enzymes. In general, the greater the coverage, the stronger the enzyme activity. The activity of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and invertase was related to the climate change in one year. With the increase of soil temperature, the activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase and invertase reached the highest in July, while the activities of soil catalase and other three enzymes Compared to the relatively small temperature, in October the largest enzyme activity. Therefore, bio-coverage significantly increased the activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and sucrase in Ginkgo biloba forest so that it could be used to improve the maturity and fertility of soil in Ginkgo biloba forest.