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意义还是形式?几个世纪以来,这个论题的争论在语言学界和哲学界都没有停止过。关于这个论题的探讨,在心理语言学的研究中集中于成语理解的潜在认知机制的研究。本文首先对一些有关汉语及其他语言类型成语的相关理论和研究进行了简单的整理和综述,然后通过应用事件关联脑电位技术(Event-Related Potentials,ERPs)对汉语成语的理解进行了研究。实验结果表明汉语成语的理解在一定程度上遵循了成语构建性理论。同时,汉语成语的加工也表现出与西方成语加工不同的特征:汉语成语的韵律结构和句法结构的互动影响了其加工机制。虽然意义与形式的争论还不能有一个明确的结论,但是认知神经科学在汉语成语加工中的应用表明汉语成语的理解不能被简单地解释成一个线性的提取或构建过程。
Meaning or form? For centuries, the arguments of this subject have not stopped in the linguistic and philosophical communities. The discussion of this topic focuses on the study of potential cognitive mechanisms in idioms understanding in psycholinguistic research. In this paper, some related theories and researches on idioms of Chinese and other languages are briefly summarized and summarized. Then the comprehension of Chinese idioms is studied by applying Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). The experimental results show that the understanding of Chinese idioms follows to a certain extent the idiom constructive theory. At the same time, the processing of Chinese idioms also shows different characteristics from the processing of western idioms. The interaction between prosodic structure and syntactic structure of Chinese idioms affects their processing mechanism. Although the debate on meaning and form can not have a clear conclusion, the application of cognitive neuroscience in the processing of Chinese idioms indicates that the understanding of Chinese idioms can not be simply interpreted as a linear extraction or construction process.