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以实际地震资料为例,应用基于VTI介质的叠前时间偏移理论,对地震资料处理过程中的关键环节进行探讨,论述相对振幅保持和各向异性参数求取方法,展示一套可供推广的处理技术流程.在预处理中,不能使用混波效应强的叠前压噪方法,振幅补偿应考虑偏移算法的几何扩散补偿功能,地表一致性振幅补偿只能补偿炮检项,地表一致性反褶积和预测反褶积串联使用是适宜的反褶积方法.叠前偏移中,由井震地层厚度对比计算各向异性参数,由CMP道集扫描各向异性参数,用CRP道集剩余延迟分析优化各向异性参数,提高偏移速度场精度.处理实践证实,相对振幅的各向异性叠前时间偏移,保留了丰富的振幅信息,改进了偏移速度和偏移算子,能有效改善塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩地震成像品质,使“串珠”反射特征清晰,为AVO反演提供了更好的道集,可提高地震储层描述的精度.
Taking actual seismic data as an example, the prestack time migration theory based on VTI medium is applied to discuss the key links in the seismic data processing. The method of obtaining relative amplitude preserving and anisotropic parameters is discussed, In preprocessing, the prestack pressure-noise method with strong mixing effect can not be used, the amplitude compensation should consider the geometric diffusion compensation function of the offset algorithm, and the compensation of the amplitude of the surface consistency can only compensate the shots and the surface is the same Consequential deconvolution and predictive deconvolution in series are the appropriate deconvolution methods.In the prestack migration, the anisotropy parameters are calculated from the thickness of the seismic well, the anisotropy parameters are scanned by the CMP gathers, the CRP gathers Residual delay analysis and optimization of anisotropic parameters to improve the accuracy of the offset velocity field processing practice has confirmed that the relative amplitude of the anisotropic prestack time migration, retained a wealth of amplitude information, improved migration speed and migration operator, Which can effectively improve the seismic imaging quality of carbonate rocks in the Tarim Basin and make the characteristics of “beaded ” reflection clear, providing a better gathers for AVO inversion and improving the accuracy of seismic reservoir description.