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一、历史回顾从1878年德人Schenk第一次作兔、豚鼠卵子的体外受精到1959年中国人张明觉作兔卵体外受精首次获得成功,并被生殖生物界所公认,前后经历101年的历史。人卵的体外受精始于1946年,Rock和Menkin直到1978年英国人Steptoe和Edwards才获得成功。其间也经过30余年,从兔到人的实验成功用了20年,这期间,除了攻克技术上的难关外,这里需特别指出两大重要的理论上的突破:①1951年由Austin和张明觉发现的“精子获能”的生理现象;②卵龄和子宫内膜发育的同步化理论。精子获能原定义为精子在离开雄性生殖道后,务必在雌性生殖道中完成进一步的成熟过程,即一些生理上的变化,才能和卵子完成受精过
A historical review from the German Schenk in 1878 for the first time as a rabbit, guinea pig egg in vitro fertilization Chinese Zhang Mingjue for rabbit egg in vitro fertilization for the first time in 1959, and was recognized by the reproductive biologics, before and after experience 101 years of history . In vitro fertilization of human eggs began in 1946, with Rock and Menkin not successful until English Steptoe and Edwards in 1978. In the meantime, after more than 30 years of successful experiments from rabbits to humans, it took 20 years. During this period, in addition to tackling the technical difficulties, two major theoretical breakthroughs were pointed out here: 1) discovered by Austin and Zhang Mingjue in 1951 “Sperm motility” physiological phenomenon; ② age of the egg and endometrial synchronization theory. Sperm capacitation was originally defined as spermatozoa after leaving the male reproductive tract, be sure to complete the process of further maturation in the female reproductive tract, that is, some physiological changes in order to complete fertilization with the egg