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目的分析受艾滋病影响儿童相关政策的落实情况。方法采用问卷调查、个案访谈、深入访谈等方法,获得我国艾滋病流行较为严重的四个省份的相关数据,通过定量、定性分析相结合的方法分析。结果共得到有效抚养人问卷149份,涉及受艾滋病影响儿童323名;有效多部门工作人员问卷23份,多部门深入访谈35次。其中县/市级深入访谈30次(含多部门研讨会7次),省级深入访谈5次(含多部门研讨会3次)。调查家庭中有57.7%的家庭儿童获得了生活救助,20.1%的家庭儿童获得了教育救助,5.4%的家庭儿童获得了医疗救助,17.6%的家庭儿童参加过心理关怀活动。但现有政策在执行过程中,仍面临缺乏资金和人员等保障条件、信息收集和共享困难等问题。结论国家及地方都出台了一系列针对受艾滋病影响儿童的关怀救助政策,为减轻艾滋病对儿童的影响发挥了积极作用,但政策落实尚不均衡,阻碍政策有效实施的因素仍然存在。
Objective To analyze the implementation of policies related to children affected by AIDS. Methods The questionnaires, case interviews and in-depth interviews were used to obtain the data of four provinces with more serious AIDS epidemic in our country. The data were analyzed by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results A total of 149 valid dependents questionnaires were obtained, involving 323 children affected by AIDS, 23 effective multisectoral staff questionnaires and 35 interviews with multiple departments. Among them, there are 30 in-depth interviews at the county / city level (including 7 multi-sectoral seminars) and 5 provincial-level interviews (including 3 multi-sectoral seminars). Among the surveyed families, 57.7% of family children received life assistance, 20.1% of family children received education aid, 5.4% of family children received medical assistance and 17.6% of family children participated in psychological care activities. However, in the implementation of the existing policies, they still face such problems as the lack of safeguards for funds and personnel, difficulties in collecting and sharing information, and so on. Conclusion Both China and the rest of the world have issued a series of caring and aid policies targeting at children affected by AIDS and have played an active role in alleviating the impact of AIDS on children. However, the implementation of the policy is still not balanced and the factors that impede the effective implementation of the policy still exist.