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[目的]探讨危害分析和关键控制点(HACCP)在大汶河流域小型供水系统、用户及卫生检测机构应用的可行性,以便有针对性地制定具体的控制和管理措施。[方法]2011年,将HACCP的原理和方法应用于泰安市辖区内大汶河流域小型供水系统、用户及卫生检测等流程,并对执行控制措施的效果进行评价。[结果]确定了水源水井周围环境及水质消毒,输水管道的材质、深度及位置,用户的家庭生活环境及盛水器具,样品采集方式、运送时间及措施、检验操作过程、实验器材及无菌环境是影响农村小型集中供水水质的关键控制点,制定并实施控制和管理措施。实施1年后与实施前比较,饮用水的硝酸盐等理化指标合格率变化不明显(P>0.05),细菌总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群合格率明显上升(P<0.01)。[结论]在大汶河流域小型供水系统、用户及卫生检测机构中应用HACCP可明显提高供水的微生物指标合格率。
[Objective] To explore the feasibility of applying HACCP to the small water supply system, users and health inspection agencies in Dawen River Basin in order to formulate specific control and management measures. [Method] In 2011, the principle and method of HACCP were applied to the small-scale water supply system, users and hygiene testing in Dawen River basin in the area of Tai’an City, and the effect of implementing control measures was evaluated. [Result] The environment, quality of water disinfection, the material, depth and position of water pipeline, user’s home living environment and water-holding equipment, sample collection mode, delivery time and measures were confirmed, and the operation process, experimental equipment and none The bacterial environment is the key control point affecting the quality of small-scale centralized water supply in rural areas, and the control and management measures are formulated and implemented. The pass rate of physical and chemical indicators such as nitrate in drinking water did not change significantly (P> 0.05) one year after implementation, and the passing rate of total coliforms, coliforms and heat-resistant coliform bacteria was significantly increased (P <0.01) . [Conclusion] The application of HACCP in small water supply system, users and health inspection agencies in Dawenhe River Basin could obviously improve the pass rate of microbial indicators for water supply.