通过对现场获取的波磨钢轨进行金相、硬度试验分析，探讨了钢轨波磨的形成机理．发现钢轨波磨主要是因为轨面的不均匀塑性变形所致，机车车辆结构的相似和列车运行速度的趋近将加速钢轨波磨的产生，而提高钢轨屈服强度可有效地减轻钢轨波磨． Through the metallographic and hardness test analysis of corrugated rail obtained at site, the formation mechanism of rail corrugation was discussed. It is found that the corrugation of the rail is mainly caused by the non-uniform plastic deformation of the rail surface. The similar structure of the locomotive and the approaching of the train running speed will accelerate the corrugation of the rail. Increasing the rail yield strength can effectively reduce the rail corrugation.