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目的:观察负压清石鞘在降低经皮肾镜碎石术后感染相关并发症的效果。方法:选择浙江中医药大学附属第一医院2017年1月至2018年12月收治的拟行经皮肾镜碎石术的肾结石患者142例，按随机数字表法分为对照组（71例）和试验组（71例），对照组患者在经皮肾镜碎石术中采用普通鞘，试验组在经皮肾镜碎石术中采用负压清石鞘，两组均术后随访1年，统计复发情况，比较两组围手术期相关指标、术中并发症发生率、术后并发症发生率、随访1年复发率和术后及随访1年时生命质量情况。结果:两组患者手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05）。试验组患者术中出血量少于对照组[（12.15 ± 1.06）ml比（13.03 ± 1.17）ml]，住院时间短于对照组[（5.13 ± 0.67）d比（6.02 ± 0.78）d]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05）。试验组术后并发症发生率低于与对照组[1.41%（1/71）比11.27% （8/71）]，随访1年复发率也低于对照组[1.14%（1/71）比9.86%（7/71）]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05）；随访1年时两组患者WHOQOL-BREF评分均升高，其中试验组WHOQOL-BREF各项评分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05). The amount of bleeding in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(12.15 ± 1.06) ml vs. (13.03 ± 1.17) ml], the length of hospitalization was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(5.13 ± 0.67) d vs. (6.02 ± 0.78) d], and the differences were statistically significant (n P0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group [1.41%(1/71) vs. 11.27%(8/71)], the recurrence rate in the follow-up period of 1 year was significantly lower than that in the control group [1.14%(1/71) vs. 9.86%(7/71)], and the differences were statistically significant (n P0.05). At 1 year′s follow-up, the scores of WHOQOL-BREF in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (n P<0.01).n Conclusions:With the help of vacuum lithotripsy in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, but the incidence of postoperative complications can be significantly reduced, the length of stay can be shortened, the follow-up recurrence can be reduced, and the quality of life can be improved.