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本文选取第十一届全国人大代表北京等五个代表团,对其职业、党派、性别、民族结构进行统计分析发现存在若干问题,如基层代表数量不够;民主党派代表所占比例较低,地区之间差别很大;男性代表仍然占据主导地位;少数民族之间代表名额分配不均。代表性与民主性两概念侧重点不同。我国人大代表制的基础观念是缩影代表制。代表性存在的问题主要是结构上不合理;“规模困境”和代表性存在紧张关系;代表与选民的日常沟通渠道单一。我国专职代表制改革的实践探索比较有限,主要是从上至下推动各级常委会提高专职委员比例,各地改革先试先行。实行专职代表制需要满足人大工作方式和具体制度变革、财政保障代表收入、宪法法律进行修改等条件。
This article selects five representatives from Beijing, including the 11th National People’s Congress, to conduct statistical analysis on their occupation, party affiliation, gender and national structure. There are some problems in this article. For example, the number of grassroots representatives is not enough; the proportion of democratic parties is low; The male representatives still dominate; the representation of minorities is unevenly distributed. The concepts of representation and democracy are different in focus. The basic idea of our NPC system is the miniature representative system. The main problems in representativeness are structurally unreasonable; “scale difficulties” and tensions in representation; and there is a single channel of daily communication between representatives and voters. The practice of full-time representation system reform in our country is rather limited. The promotion of the proportion of full-time members at all levels of the NPC Standing Committee is promoted from top to bottom. The full-time delegate system needs to meet the conditions of the work style of the NPC and the changes of the specific system, the income of representatives of the financial security and the amendment of the constitutional law.