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目的探讨实战化训练共同课目阶段肩关节过顶运动伤的流行病学分布特征和影响因素。方法通过完全随机抽样的方法,采用研制的肩关节过顶运动伤调查问卷,对结束共同课目训练1个月内的官兵进行回顾性调查,了解肩关节过顶运动伤的发生情况。并按军训伤诊断标准分为受伤组和正常组,通过分析2组训练时的防护性措施和心理状态,比较上述因素对训练伤的影响。结果本次调查收到有效问卷5 444份,肩关节训练伤发病率为19.25%。致伤的主要课目是:手榴弹投掷(33.23%)、俯卧撑(15.68%)和引体向上(13.98%)。伤情以骨与关节损伤为主,占77.20%,主要包括肌肉扭伤(39.22%)、盂唇损伤(15.46%)、盂肱关节脱位(8.49%);参训时受伤组的预防措施使用率和心理状态指标均明显低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论实战化训练形势下共同课目肩关节过顶运动伤的发病率为19.25%,以骨与关节损伤为主,训练时缺乏预防措施和消极的心理状态会提高训练伤的发生率。
Objective To explore the epidemiological distribution and influencing factors of over-the-shoulder injuries of shoulder joint during the course of actual combat training. Methods A total random sampling method was used to investigate the over-the-top sports injury of the shoulder joint. A retrospective survey was conducted on officers and soldiers who completed the common course training within one month to find out the occurrence of over-injury of the shoulder joint. According to the diagnostic criteria of military injuries, the patients were divided into the injured group and the normal group. The protective measures and psychological conditions of the two groups were analyzed to compare the effects of the above factors on the training injuries. Results A total of 5 444 valid questionnaires were received in this survey. The incidence of shoulder trauma was 19.25%. Main injuries were: grenade throwing (33.23%), push-ups (15.68%) and pull-ups (13.98%). Injuries were mainly bone and joint injuries, accounting for 77.20%, mainly including muscle sprain (39.22%), labrum injury (15.46%) and glenohumeral joint dislocation (8.49%). The rate of using preventive measures And psychological status indicators were significantly lower than the normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusions The incidence of over-the-top sports injuries of shoulder joint in the common course of actual combat training is 19.25%. The main injury is bone and joints. The lack of preventive measures and negative psychological state during training can increase the incidence of training injuries.