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一般现在时和一般过去时是英语中最基本的时态，也是学习其他时态的基础。因此我们有必要探讨分析这两种时态的用法，以便更好地掌握并运用。
[一般现在时]
一般现在时通常表示现在经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。一般现在时常与often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, every day, on Saturdays, once a week, twice a year, four times a day 等时间状语连用，这些时间状语可看作是该时态的标志。例如：
She sometimes talks with foreigners in Japanese. 她有时用日语和外国人交谈。
He goes to the cinema once a month. 他每月看一次电影。
1.构成：
一般现在时主要有两种形式：
(1)动词be型：
be 指is, am, are，我们要会区别运用：我（I）用am 你（you）用are， is 连着他（he）她（she）它（it）。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。例如：
I am from England. Are you from England, too? 我来自英国，你也来自英国吗？
Her pencil sharpener is blue. 她的铅笔刀是蓝色的。
These girl students are all 16. 这些女生都16岁了。
(2)实义动词型：
一般谓语动词用原形，主语是单数第三人称时，用第三人称单数形式，即谓语动词加-s/-es。例如：
I often go to bed at 11 o’clock. 我经常在11点睡觉。
Jack studies in a famous middle school. 杰克在一所有名的中学学习。
2.句式：
(1)动词be：
变否定，很容易，后加not 就可以；变疑问，要知晓，一提二改三问号。
注释：肯定句改写为否定句时，就在be后面加上not；改为一般疑问句时，把be提到句首，改为大写，句尾加上问号。例如：
They are Chinese.
→ They aren’t Chinese.
→ Are they Chinese?
肯定回答与否定回答：Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.
(2)谓语动词是行为动词时：
改疑问，变否定，do 或does 就要用。改疑问，一添二改三问号；变否定，don’t, doesn’t 动前添。 注释：肯定句改写为疑问句时，句首添上do 或does(用于单三)，动词改为原形，句尾加上问号；改为否定句时，在动词前面加上don’t 或doesn’t(用于单三)，动词改为原形。例如：
Tom does his homework in the afternoon.
→ Tom doesn’t do his homework in the afternoon.
→Does Tom do his homework in the afternoon?
肯定回答与否定回答：Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
3.用法：
(1)一般现在时表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。例如：
Mr. Wang usually goes to work on foot. 王先生通常步行上班。
Do you call your parents every morning? 你每天早晨都给你父母打电话吗？
(2)一般现在时还可以表示客观事实、规律或普遍真理。例如：
Many western people don’t like the number 13. 许多西方人不喜欢数字13。
Four plus two is six. 四加二等于六。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
(3)在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，可用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。例如：
I’ll tell you as soon as Li Xiao comes back. 李晓一回来我就告诉你。
We’ll visit the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去登长城。
(4)在某些以here, there 开头的倒装句中，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
（5）用于格言，警句，文章标题，剧本，图片说明或对故事的转述等。例如：
Jack throws the ball to John and John catches it. He jumps and casts it into the basket.
杰克把球扔给约翰，约翰接住球，跳起来把球投进篮里。
[一般过去时]
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，还表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、状态。一般过去时经常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday(昨天)， the day before yesterday(前天)， last night(昨天晚上)， last week/month/term/spring/year(上周/月/学期/去年春天，去年)， three days ago(三天以前)， in 2000(在2000年)， just now(刚才)， at the age of 12(在12岁时)， one day(一天)， long long ago(很久很久以前)， once upon a time(从前)等，也可以用在when, since 等连词引导的从句中。例如：
Bob went to Shenzhen three weeks ago. 鲍勃三周前去了深圳。
Children got up early on the morning of June 1. 孩子们在六月一日的早晨起床很早。
When I was a child, I often went to the park with my father.
当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常和父亲去公园。
1.构成:
一般过去时的谓语动词要用过去式形式。
动词be 有was, were 两个过去式，was是is, am 的过去式，用于第一、三人称单数；were是are 的过去式，用于第二人称及其他人称的复数。
实义动词的过去式分两种情况：不规则变化的需要参照不规则动词表，牢固记忆；规则变化的在词尾加-ed，这种变化规则可速记为“直”“去”“双”“改”四字诀：
(1)一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。例如：
walk→walked, play→played, work→worked, need→needed
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。例如：
like→liked, live→lived, hope→hoped, change→changed
(3)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed。例如：
stop→stopped, drop→dropped, fit→fitted, beg→begged
(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先把y改为i，再加-ed。例如：
study→studied, worry→worried, cry→cried, try→tried
注意：规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循：清后/t/，元浊/d/，/t/ /d/ 之后读/id/。
(1)清辅音结尾的动词后的-ed要读/t/。例如：stopped, worked, finished
(2)元音或浊辅音结尾的动词后的-ed 要读/d/。例如：studied, called, begged
(3)/t/ /d/ 结尾的动词后的-ed 要读/id/。例如：started, wanted, needed
2.句式:
(1)肯定句：主语+过去式+其它。
注意：动词be的过去式要正确选用；实义动词过去式没有人称和数的变化。例如：
George was 14 last year. 乔治去年14岁了。
Her parents lived in Beijing when she was born. 她出生时她的父母就住在北京了。
(2)否定句：
动词be 的否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其它；
实义动词的否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它。
注意：动词前有didn’t 时，一定要用动词原形。例如上两句可以改为：
George wasn’t 14 last year.
Her parents didn’t live in Beijing when she was born.
(3)疑问句：
动词be 的一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其它？
实义动词的一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
可用此口诀加强记忆：一添(Did)二改（原形）三问号。例如上两句可以改为：
Was George 14 last year?
肯定回答与否定回答：Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
Did her parents live in Beijing when she was born?
肯定回答与否定回答：Yes, they did./No, they didn’t.
变特殊疑问句时，就是在一般疑问句的前面加上特殊疑问词。例如：
When was George 14? 乔治什么时候14岁？
Where did her parents live when she was born? 她出生时她父母住在哪儿？
3.用法：
(1)表示过去某一时刻所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与确定的过去时间状语连用，有时也可以不用时间状语。例如：
I wasn’t in yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我不在家。
They went home at twelve last Sunday. 上个星期天他们12点回的家。
What was the final score? 最后的比分怎样？
注意：一般过去时有时也可与现在关系较为密切的时间状语连用，如today, this morning, this year等。例如：
Did you see my watch this morning? 今天早晨你看见我的手表了吗？
一般过去时不与now连用，但可与just now连用。例如：
Mr Bell called just now telling you not to worry about him.
贝尔先生刚才打电话来告诉你不要为他担心。
How did you like her performance? 你觉得她的表演怎么样？
(2)表示过去经常发生的习惯性动作或状态，常与always, often, sometimes 等表示频度的副词连用。例如：
We often played soccer after school last term. 上学期我们经常在放学后踢足球。
She sometimes came to help us at that time. 那时候她有时来帮我们。
(3)表示在过去所发生的一系列动作。例如：
Tina got up, washed her teeth, had a quick breakfast and went to work every day half a year ago. 半年前，蒂娜每天都是起床，刷牙，匆忙地吃早饭，然后去上班。
(4)表示过去预计、安排要发生的事情。例如：
The old man said the train arrived at 10. 那位老人说火车10点到。
We learned that Mr. Chen went to the meeting the next day.
我们听说陈先生第二天去开会。
(5)表示已逝去的人或事时。例如：
Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 钱学森是一位伟大的科学家。
Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.
雷锋为全世界的人们树立了一个好榜样。
(6)在条件或时间状语从句中，当主句的谓语动词用了过去的某种时态，那么从句中的谓语动词通常要用一般过去时。例如：
The Smiths were eating lunch when I came in. 当我进来的时候，史密斯一家正在吃午饭。
I would tell her the bad news if she came back. 如果她回来，我会告诉她这个坏消息的。
(7)用情态动词的过去时代替现在时表示态度谦虚、客气、委婉、有礼貌。例如：
Could you lend me some money? 你可以借给我点钱吗？
Would you like to go out for a walk with me? 你愿意和我出去散步吗？
[巩固练习]
(一)用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We usually ____ a meeting on Friday evening. (hold)
2. People in England and the USA ____ their middle names very much. (not use)
3. The young girl ____the trees every afternoon. (water)
4. ____ afraid of that, little boy. (not be)
5. ____ Li Lei often ____ basketball? (play)
6. The teacher said that the earth ____ round the sun. (go)
7. You’d better ____ some warmer clothes. (wear)
8. As soon as she ____ here tomorrow she will come to see us. (get)
9. Jimmy will join us if he ____ time next Sunday. (have)
10. Mary ____ in the primary school, doesn’t she? (study)
11. ——How ____ Ming’s weekend? (be)
——It was great.
12. I ____ my first girl friend in the street yesterday. (meet)
13. My best classmate ____ the new text for me just now. (not copy)
14. The nurse ____ a pair of pink boots the day before yesterday. (buy)
15. The brave man ____ the people on the bus, didn’t he? (save)
16. The baby ____ crying when she heard the soft music. (stop)
17. When I ____ a child, we always ____ the hill together. (be, climb)
18. Lucy locked the door and ____. (leave)
19. ——____ Nancy ____ New York City? (visit)
——Yes, she did.
20. ——What did you do five days ago?
——We ____ books at the library. (read)
(二)按要求改写句子，一空一词。
1. Gina spends an hour in doing her homework every day. (改为否定句)
Gina ____ ____ an hour ____ ____ her homework every day.
2. They are in the hospital now. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
“____ they in the hospital now?” “____, they ____.”
3. My neighbour wants her son to be a doctor. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
“____ your neighbour ____ her son to be a doctor?” “____, she ____.”
4. Students from Class 1 clean the schoolyard twice a day. (对划线部分提问)
(1) (2) (3)
(1) ____ ____ the schoolyard twice a day?
(2) ____ ____ students from Class 1 ____ twice a day?
(3)____ ____ ____ students from Class 1 ____ the schoolyard?
5. It was snowy the whole week. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
“____ it snowy the whole week?” “____, it ____.”
6. Vera went to the beach on vacation. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
“____ Vera ____ to the beach on vacation?” “____, she ____.”
7. He ate some rice for lunch yesterday. (改为否定句)
He ____ ____ ____ rice for lunch yesterday.
8. Old Henry didn’t want to buy anything. (改为同义句)
Old Henry ____ to buy ____.
9. did, Dick, say, about, the, what, shops (连词成句)
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____?
10. Xiao Hui often helped the old woman do the housework last year. (对划线部分提问)
(1) (2) (3)
(1) ____ ____ Xiao Hui often ____ do the housework last year?
(2) ____ ____ Xiao Hui often ____ the old woman ____ last year?
(3) ____ ____ Xiao Hui often ____ the old woman do the housework?
[Key:(一)1.hold 2.don’t use 3.waters 4.Don’t be 5.Does; play 6.goes 7.wear 8.gets 9.has 10.studies 11.was 12.met 13.didn’t copy 14.bought 15.saved 16.stopped 17.was; climbed 18.left19.Did; visit 20.read (二)1.doesn’t spend; in doing 2.Are; Yes; are 3.Does; want; No; doesn’t 4.(1)Who clean/cleans (2)What do; do (3)How often do; clean 5.Was; Yes; was 6.Did; go; No; didn’t7.didn’t eat any 8.wanted, nothing 9.What did Dick say about the shops 10.(1)Who/Whom did; help (2)What did; help; do(3)When did; help]
[一般现在时]
一般现在时通常表示现在经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。一般现在时常与often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, every day, on Saturdays, once a week, twice a year, four times a day 等时间状语连用，这些时间状语可看作是该时态的标志。例如：
She sometimes talks with foreigners in Japanese. 她有时用日语和外国人交谈。
He goes to the cinema once a month. 他每月看一次电影。
1.构成：
一般现在时主要有两种形式：
(1)动词be型：
be 指is, am, are，我们要会区别运用：我（I）用am 你（you）用are， is 连着他（he）她（she）它（it）。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。例如：
I am from England. Are you from England, too? 我来自英国，你也来自英国吗？
Her pencil sharpener is blue. 她的铅笔刀是蓝色的。
These girl students are all 16. 这些女生都16岁了。
(2)实义动词型：
一般谓语动词用原形，主语是单数第三人称时，用第三人称单数形式，即谓语动词加-s/-es。例如：
I often go to bed at 11 o’clock. 我经常在11点睡觉。
Jack studies in a famous middle school. 杰克在一所有名的中学学习。
2.句式：
(1)动词be：
变否定，很容易，后加not 就可以；变疑问，要知晓，一提二改三问号。
注释：肯定句改写为否定句时，就在be后面加上not；改为一般疑问句时，把be提到句首，改为大写，句尾加上问号。例如：
They are Chinese.
→ They aren’t Chinese.
→ Are they Chinese?
肯定回答与否定回答：Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.
(2)谓语动词是行为动词时：
改疑问，变否定，do 或does 就要用。改疑问，一添二改三问号；变否定，don’t, doesn’t 动前添。 注释：肯定句改写为疑问句时，句首添上do 或does(用于单三)，动词改为原形，句尾加上问号；改为否定句时，在动词前面加上don’t 或doesn’t(用于单三)，动词改为原形。例如：
Tom does his homework in the afternoon.
→ Tom doesn’t do his homework in the afternoon.
→Does Tom do his homework in the afternoon?
肯定回答与否定回答：Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
3.用法：
(1)一般现在时表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。例如：
Mr. Wang usually goes to work on foot. 王先生通常步行上班。
Do you call your parents every morning? 你每天早晨都给你父母打电话吗？
(2)一般现在时还可以表示客观事实、规律或普遍真理。例如：
Many western people don’t like the number 13. 许多西方人不喜欢数字13。
Four plus two is six. 四加二等于六。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
(3)在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，可用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。例如：
I’ll tell you as soon as Li Xiao comes back. 李晓一回来我就告诉你。
We’ll visit the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去登长城。
(4)在某些以here, there 开头的倒装句中，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
（5）用于格言，警句，文章标题，剧本，图片说明或对故事的转述等。例如：
Jack throws the ball to John and John catches it. He jumps and casts it into the basket.
杰克把球扔给约翰，约翰接住球，跳起来把球投进篮里。
[一般过去时]
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，还表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、状态。一般过去时经常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday(昨天)， the day before yesterday(前天)， last night(昨天晚上)， last week/month/term/spring/year(上周/月/学期/去年春天，去年)， three days ago(三天以前)， in 2000(在2000年)， just now(刚才)， at the age of 12(在12岁时)， one day(一天)， long long ago(很久很久以前)， once upon a time(从前)等，也可以用在when, since 等连词引导的从句中。例如：
Bob went to Shenzhen three weeks ago. 鲍勃三周前去了深圳。
Children got up early on the morning of June 1. 孩子们在六月一日的早晨起床很早。
When I was a child, I often went to the park with my father.
当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常和父亲去公园。
1.构成:
一般过去时的谓语动词要用过去式形式。
动词be 有was, were 两个过去式，was是is, am 的过去式，用于第一、三人称单数；were是are 的过去式，用于第二人称及其他人称的复数。
实义动词的过去式分两种情况：不规则变化的需要参照不规则动词表，牢固记忆；规则变化的在词尾加-ed，这种变化规则可速记为“直”“去”“双”“改”四字诀：
(1)一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。例如：
walk→walked, play→played, work→worked, need→needed
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。例如：
like→liked, live→lived, hope→hoped, change→changed
(3)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed。例如：
stop→stopped, drop→dropped, fit→fitted, beg→begged
(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先把y改为i，再加-ed。例如：
study→studied, worry→worried, cry→cried, try→tried
注意：规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循：清后/t/，元浊/d/，/t/ /d/ 之后读/id/。
(1)清辅音结尾的动词后的-ed要读/t/。例如：stopped, worked, finished
(2)元音或浊辅音结尾的动词后的-ed 要读/d/。例如：studied, called, begged
(3)/t/ /d/ 结尾的动词后的-ed 要读/id/。例如：started, wanted, needed
2.句式:
(1)肯定句：主语+过去式+其它。
注意：动词be的过去式要正确选用；实义动词过去式没有人称和数的变化。例如：
George was 14 last year. 乔治去年14岁了。
Her parents lived in Beijing when she was born. 她出生时她的父母就住在北京了。
(2)否定句：
动词be 的否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其它；
实义动词的否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它。
注意：动词前有didn’t 时，一定要用动词原形。例如上两句可以改为：
George wasn’t 14 last year.
Her parents didn’t live in Beijing when she was born.
(3)疑问句：
动词be 的一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其它？
实义动词的一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
可用此口诀加强记忆：一添(Did)二改（原形）三问号。例如上两句可以改为：
Was George 14 last year?
肯定回答与否定回答：Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
Did her parents live in Beijing when she was born?
肯定回答与否定回答：Yes, they did./No, they didn’t.
变特殊疑问句时，就是在一般疑问句的前面加上特殊疑问词。例如：
When was George 14? 乔治什么时候14岁？
Where did her parents live when she was born? 她出生时她父母住在哪儿？
3.用法：
(1)表示过去某一时刻所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与确定的过去时间状语连用，有时也可以不用时间状语。例如：
I wasn’t in yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我不在家。
They went home at twelve last Sunday. 上个星期天他们12点回的家。
What was the final score? 最后的比分怎样？
注意：一般过去时有时也可与现在关系较为密切的时间状语连用，如today, this morning, this year等。例如：
Did you see my watch this morning? 今天早晨你看见我的手表了吗？
一般过去时不与now连用，但可与just now连用。例如：
Mr Bell called just now telling you not to worry about him.
贝尔先生刚才打电话来告诉你不要为他担心。
How did you like her performance? 你觉得她的表演怎么样？
(2)表示过去经常发生的习惯性动作或状态，常与always, often, sometimes 等表示频度的副词连用。例如：
We often played soccer after school last term. 上学期我们经常在放学后踢足球。
She sometimes came to help us at that time. 那时候她有时来帮我们。
(3)表示在过去所发生的一系列动作。例如：
Tina got up, washed her teeth, had a quick breakfast and went to work every day half a year ago. 半年前，蒂娜每天都是起床，刷牙，匆忙地吃早饭，然后去上班。
(4)表示过去预计、安排要发生的事情。例如：
The old man said the train arrived at 10. 那位老人说火车10点到。
We learned that Mr. Chen went to the meeting the next day.
我们听说陈先生第二天去开会。
(5)表示已逝去的人或事时。例如：
Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 钱学森是一位伟大的科学家。
Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.
雷锋为全世界的人们树立了一个好榜样。
(6)在条件或时间状语从句中，当主句的谓语动词用了过去的某种时态，那么从句中的谓语动词通常要用一般过去时。例如：
The Smiths were eating lunch when I came in. 当我进来的时候，史密斯一家正在吃午饭。
I would tell her the bad news if she came back. 如果她回来，我会告诉她这个坏消息的。
(7)用情态动词的过去时代替现在时表示态度谦虚、客气、委婉、有礼貌。例如：
Could you lend me some money? 你可以借给我点钱吗？
Would you like to go out for a walk with me? 你愿意和我出去散步吗？
[巩固练习]
(一)用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We usually ____ a meeting on Friday evening. (hold)
2. People in England and the USA ____ their middle names very much. (not use)
3. The young girl ____the trees every afternoon. (water)
4. ____ afraid of that, little boy. (not be)
5. ____ Li Lei often ____ basketball? (play)
6. The teacher said that the earth ____ round the sun. (go)
7. You’d better ____ some warmer clothes. (wear)
8. As soon as she ____ here tomorrow she will come to see us. (get)
9. Jimmy will join us if he ____ time next Sunday. (have)
10. Mary ____ in the primary school, doesn’t she? (study)
11. ——How ____ Ming’s weekend? (be)
——It was great.
12. I ____ my first girl friend in the street yesterday. (meet)
13. My best classmate ____ the new text for me just now. (not copy)
14. The nurse ____ a pair of pink boots the day before yesterday. (buy)
15. The brave man ____ the people on the bus, didn’t he? (save)
16. The baby ____ crying when she heard the soft music. (stop)
17. When I ____ a child, we always ____ the hill together. (be, climb)
18. Lucy locked the door and ____. (leave)
19. ——____ Nancy ____ New York City? (visit)
——Yes, she did.
20. ——What did you do five days ago?
——We ____ books at the library. (read)
(二)按要求改写句子，一空一词。
1. Gina spends an hour in doing her homework every day. (改为否定句)
Gina ____ ____ an hour ____ ____ her homework every day.
2. They are in the hospital now. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
“____ they in the hospital now?” “____, they ____.”
3. My neighbour wants her son to be a doctor. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
“____ your neighbour ____ her son to be a doctor?” “____, she ____.”
4. Students from Class 1 clean the schoolyard twice a day. (对划线部分提问)
(1) (2) (3)
(1) ____ ____ the schoolyard twice a day?
(2) ____ ____ students from Class 1 ____ twice a day?
(3)____ ____ ____ students from Class 1 ____ the schoolyard?
5. It was snowy the whole week. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
“____ it snowy the whole week?” “____, it ____.”
6. Vera went to the beach on vacation. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
“____ Vera ____ to the beach on vacation?” “____, she ____.”
7. He ate some rice for lunch yesterday. (改为否定句)
He ____ ____ ____ rice for lunch yesterday.
8. Old Henry didn’t want to buy anything. (改为同义句)
Old Henry ____ to buy ____.
9. did, Dick, say, about, the, what, shops (连词成句)
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____?
10. Xiao Hui often helped the old woman do the housework last year. (对划线部分提问)
(1) (2) (3)
(1) ____ ____ Xiao Hui often ____ do the housework last year?
(2) ____ ____ Xiao Hui often ____ the old woman ____ last year?
(3) ____ ____ Xiao Hui often ____ the old woman do the housework?
[Key:(一)1.hold 2.don’t use 3.waters 4.Don’t be 5.Does; play 6.goes 7.wear 8.gets 9.has 10.studies 11.was 12.met 13.didn’t copy 14.bought 15.saved 16.stopped 17.was; climbed 18.left19.Did; visit 20.read (二)1.doesn’t spend; in doing 2.Are; Yes; are 3.Does; want; No; doesn’t 4.(1)Who clean/cleans (2)What do; do (3)How often do; clean 5.Was; Yes; was 6.Did; go; No; didn’t7.didn’t eat any 8.wanted, nothing 9.What did Dick say about the shops 10.(1)Who/Whom did; help (2)What did; help; do(3)When did; help]