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本文通过考察防治对象(稻纵卷叶螟)、非防治对象(飞虱类)和稻田天敌的种群变动情况,综合评价几种措施对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果。 试验应用昆虫生命表方法和定期的田间调查。结果表明,广谱性杀虫剂甲六粉、乙六粉由于严重杀伤天敌,不但没有控制稻纵卷叶螟的为害,反而助长了其他害虫(飞虱类)的数量,防治效果较差。散放赤眼蜂,提高了卵寄生率,相应地提高了以后各期的天敌作用,使稻纵卷叶螟的数量得到有效地控制,防治效果较好。杀虫脒对稻纵卷叶螟高效,对天敌比较安全,因而有效地控制稻纵卷叶螟的为害,降低飞虱类的虫口密度,防治效果远胜于甲六粉,杀虫双也有一定的选择性,对天敌的影响较乙六粉小,较杀虫脒稍大。 通过分析可知,单纯以作用虫期的死亡率和校正死亡率评价防治效果是不够全面的,防治效果应该综合考虑一种措施在经济上和生态上的效益。应用昆虫生命表的方法,有助于了解害虫的种群趋势和天敌的控制作用。在此基础上,辅以对生态系统中其他害虫,天敌数量的调查研究,能够对防治措施作出较全面的评价,为制订合理的综合防治策略提供可靠的依据。
In this paper, the control effects of several measures on the control of rice leaf roller were comprehensively evaluated by examining the population dynamics of control objects (rice leaf roller), non-control objects (planthoppers) and rice field natural enemies. The test uses insect life table methods and periodic field surveys. The results showed that broad-spectrum insecticides A6 and B6 not only did not control the damage of rice leaf roller, but also promoted the population of other pests (planthoppers) due to severe killing of natural enemies. Trichogramma spread Trichogramma increased egg parasitics, and correspondingly increased the role of natural enemies in later stages, so that the number of rice leaf roller is effectively controlled, control effect is better. Chlordimeform on rice leaf roller is efficient, natural enemies of relatively safe, and thus effectively control the damage of rice leaf roller, reduce insect population density of planthopper, control effect is far better than a powder, insecticidal double also have certain The selectivity of natural enemies than B6 small, slightly larger than the insecticidal amidine. According to the analysis, it is not comprehensive enough to evaluate the control effect simply by the mortality and the corrected mortality of the stage of action. The control effect should consider the economic and ecological benefits of one kind of measures synthetically. The method of using insect life tables helps understand pest population trends and the control of natural enemies. On this basis, supplemented by the investigation of the number of other pests and natural enemies in the ecosystem, we can make a comprehensive evaluation of the prevention and control measures and provide a reliable basis for formulating a reasonable comprehensive prevention and control strategy.