一、前言至今已有不少关于地震造成的死亡人数的分析与研究。其中以河角(1954)的研究最为有名,且因其计算死亡人数的经验公式简单明瞭,被看成进行地震灾害预测的基本公式之一。可是,这一公式所采用的死亡发生的宏观模式过于单纯,因此还有进一步探讨的余地。我们连续对近几年地震时人们所采取的行动进行了实况调查,并对地震时造成死亡的主要原因作了分析。这种分析是以对死者逐一详细追究其死因的微观分析形式进行的。为了正 I. Preface So far, there have been many analyzes and studies on the death toll caused by the earthquake. Among them, the study of Hejiao (1954) is the most famous, and its empirical formula for calculating the number of deaths is simple and clear, which is regarded as one of the basic formulas for earthquake disaster prediction. However, the macroscopic model of the death adopted by this formula is too simple, so there is room for further exploration. We have continuously conducted fact-finding surveys on the actions taken by people during the earthquake in recent years and analyzed the main causes of the deaths caused by the earthquake. This analysis is based on a detailed analysis of the cause of death of the deceased micro-analysis of the form. In order to be positive