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在20世纪西方美学和文学理论中,对文学虚构问题的认识发生了重要变化,而此前的康德美学和席勒美学则是其重要的理论资源:康德对审美无利害性、无目的性和自律性的深入阐释;席勒将审美的纯主观性修正为人与世界间独特的非现实关系,并强调感性的先在性,将被颠倒的感性与理性之关系重新复原。这些观点都成为虚构从文学创作的一种手段变身为文学的根本特性的人类学依据,为开启文学虚构理论的现代视野提供了重要启示。而它在现代以来遭遇各路文艺理论和实践的冲击,更迫切要求我们对文学虚构问题做出深入探究。
In the western aesthetics and literary theory in the 20th century, the cognition of literary fiction has undergone significant changes, while the previous Kant and Schiller Aesthetics are its important theoretical resources: Kant is non-harmful to aesthetics, non-purpose and self-discipline Schiller elaborates on the purely subjective nature of the aesthetic as the unique non-realistic relationship between man and the world, and emphasizes the precondition of perceptuality and restores the reversed relation between perceptualism and rationality. All these views have become the anthropological basis for fictional transformation from a means of literary creation to the fundamental characteristics of literature, which provide an important inspiration for opening up the modern horizon of the fictional theory of literature. However, it has suffered from the impact of various literary theories and practices in modern times, and urgently requires us to make further exploration into the fictional issue of literature.