肺动脉平滑肌细胞离子通道在肺动脉高压中的作用

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肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension ,PA H )是由多种病因引起的以肺血管阻力增加为主要临床特点的病理、生理综合征。根据2008年戴纳波恩特(Dana Point)会议,其被定义为:在海平面,静息状态下右心导管测定肺动脉平均压(MPAP)≥25 mm Hg ,肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP )≤15 mm Hg ,以及肺血管阻力(pulmonary vascular resistance , PVR)增加[1]。其中儿童PAH是严重威胁患儿生命的心肺血管疾病之一,早期诊断及治疗对改善疾病预后有重要意义。由于婴幼儿血压值较成人低,专家建议在儿童PA H定义中保留PVR≥3 Wood units × m2[1]。虽对 PAH 的研究有较长的历史,但至今其发病机制尚未完全清楚,可能与基因、信号分子、离子通道等有关。近年来,随着生命科学相关学科的飞速发展,PA H在细胞机制、分子机制、遗传机制等方面的研究取得了重大进展。特别是近30年来,随着分子生物学及膜片钳技术的发展,肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmonary arterial smooth mus-cle cells ,PASMCs)膜上的离子通道如钾通道、钙通道、氯通道等,在PA H中的作用研究取得了一系列重大成就。现就与PA H形成有关的离子通道综述如下。
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